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UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES 



HEARINGS 

BEFORE THE 

^COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS 

HOUSE /OF REPRESENTATIVES 

SIXTY-THIRD CONGRESS 

Second Session 



ON 



H. R. 13005 



FEBRUARY 20, 1914 



STATEMENT OF 

MR. MILLER FREEMAN, of Seattle, Wash. 



WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OPriOEl 

1914 






COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 

House op Representatives. 

sixty-third congress. 

(Committee room, gallery floor, west corridor. Telephone 230.) 

HENRY D. FLOOD, Virginia, Chairman. 



WILLIAM Q. SHARP, Ohio. 
CYRUS CLINE, Indiana. 
JEFFERSON M. LEVY, New York. 
JAMES M. CURLEY, Massachusetts. 
J. CHARLES LINTHICUM, Maryland. 
ROBERT E. DIFENDERFER, Pennsylvania. 
WILLIAM S. GOODWIN, Arkansas. 
CHARLES M. STEDMAN, North Carolina. 
EDWARD W. TOWNSEND, New Jersey. 
B. P. HARRISON, Mississippi. 

Robert Catlett, Clerli. 

B. F. Oden, Assistant Clerk 

2 



CHARLES B. SMITH, New York. 
JOHN R. WALKER, Georgia. 
HORACE W. VAUGHAN, Texas. 
HENRY A. COOPER, Wisconsin. 
RICHARD BARTHOLDT, Missouri. 
GEORGE W. FAIRCHILD, New York. 
STEPHEN G. PORTER, Pennsylvania. 
W. D. B. AINEY, Pennsylvania. 
JOHN J. ROGERS, Massachusetts. 
HENRY W. TEMPLE, Pennsj-lvania. 



a OF 

JAN \ 



u, 



13 1915 



iFISHERIES TREATY BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND DOMINION 



^ 



OF CANADA. 



Committee on Foreign Affairs, 

House of Representatives, 
Washington, D. C, Friday, February 20, 1914 

The committee met at 2.30 o'clock p. m., Hon. Hemy D. Flood 
(chairman) presiding. 

Present: Representatives Cline, Linthicum, Townsend, Vaughan, 
Bartholdt, and Fairchild. 

The Chairman. The committee will come to order. This is a biU, 
H. R. 13005, to give effect to the provisions of a treaty between the 
United States and Great Britain concerning the fisheries in waters 
contiguous to the United States and the Dominion of Canada, signed 
at Washmgton on April 1, 1908, and ratified by the United States 
Senate April 13, 1908. 

Mr. Freeman is here representing some Pacific coast parties who 
are engaged in the fishery business. He has to leave to-night and 
asked to be heard before he went away. We would be glad to hear 
you now, Mr. Freeman. 

Mr. Linthicum. Would this bill aflect the Pacific coast ? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes. 

Mr. Linthicum. Are you for or against the bill ^ 

Mr. Freeman. I wanted to make a statement in behalf of the 
people engaged in the salmon fisheries of Puget Sound, outlining the 
position they have had in the matter, and merely presenting the 
points as I find them. 

The Chairman. I introduced this bill H. R. No. 13005 at the re- 
quest of the Bureau of Fisheries, and that is the bill you are address- 
ing yourself to ? 

Mr. Freeman. Y"es. I am here in compliance with a recjuest to 
present a statement before this committee relative to the bill you 
now have before you intended to put into eft'ect the ])ro visions of the 
international fisheries treaty covering the boundary waters of the 
United States and Canada. 

STATEMENT OF MR. MILLER FREEMAN, SEATTLE, WASH. 

Mr. Chairman, I should like to call your attention to the fact that 
Mr. Woodruft' has introduced a bill similar to this except that I be- 
lieve by an understanding of the two international commissioners, 
Dr. Smith and Prof. Prince, Saginaw Bay has been excluded, that 
bay being merely local, and Dr. Smith tells me it is not involved in 
an international way; that fisheries there do not need to be governed 
by an international body. 

Mr. Cline. I should like to understand for my own information 
whether you expect to discuss the relative merits of all three of these 

3 



4 UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 

bills which have been introduced liere, touching the same subject, 
or whether your remarks will be confined to any one of them ? 

Mr. Freeman. They are the same bill, I think, with the exception 
of just excluding Saginaw Bay, are they not, Mr. Chairman? 

The Chairman. H. R. 13005 and H. R. 13300 are exactly the same 
bill with that exception. I have not looked over this one introduced 
by Mr. Miller. 

Mr. Freeman. I am not familiar with the bill introduced by Mr. 
MiUer. 

Mr. Linthicum. May I ask you wliom you represent ? Are you 
just speaking as an individual, or are you representing somebody ? 

Mi. Freeman. I am here in behalf of the Puget Sound Canned 
Salmon Association. I think, as far as my remarks are concerned, 
they will apply generally to this question of the ratification of the 
regulations as covered in this treaty, the details of which are not 
important to us except as relating to Puget Sound. 

It was suggested that I should come here, make inquiry about 
the status of this matter, and ask for a reasonable delay until we 
could communicate with our people or I could return, and that 
delay being for the purpose of securing a new investigation and a 
revision of these regulations, which our people thought unfaii from 
our standpoint. 

Mr. Cline. Who prescribes these regulations ? 

Mr. Freeman. The regulations were formed by a commission of 
two members, one appointed by the Government of Great Britain, 
of which Prof. Prince was one. They have had two or tliree over 
there, and Dr. Jordan was appointed for the American Government. 

Mr. TowNSEND. Dr. Joidan, of Stanford University? 

Mr. Freeman. Dr. David Starr Jordan. 

The opinion of the cannery men in the fishing interests of Puget 
Sound has been that not sufficient time and thought and scientific 
investigation were given to the consideration of the questions in 
oui waters, and I was expected to ask for an extension of time on 
this treaty sufficient to permit of a new investigation being made by 
compet?nt authorities. We were willing to leave it to Dr. Smith, 
for instance, to go there and make an impaitial and dispassionate 
investigation, with an idea of having the facts come before the Gov- 
ernment, and make new regulations, and then liave a treaty passed 
in that form. 

Mr. Bartholdt. Let me ask you if the changes which you desire 
should hi' made in these regulations, would the changed provisoins 
still comply with the provisions of the treaty? 

Mr. Freeman. I am informed that Canada having passed these 
regulations and carried out its part of the bargain, which is part of 
the compact of this treaty that the two countries are to get together 
through this commission, formulate regulations, and they are to be 
ratified by their respective legislative bodies, and those regulations 
then are to be in effect. This treaty was duly ratified in 1908, I 
think. The regulations, if I am not mistaken, were filed in 1910, 
two years later. Canada accepted those regulations. This country 
has deferred action. It was reported to us that the Government of 
Great Britain has felt that the delay has been very great, and they 
are asking now that this country fulfill its part of this agreement. I 
do not want to state this as quoting the Government, because that 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 5 

can be done by other people; but I understand that notice has been 
served by Great Britain that after this delay of great length, if we 
do not complete our part of the deal the treaty is to be abrogated, 
and they ask now for action at once. 

Some of the regulations in this bill are decidedly detrimental to 
the American interests, and while we have been promised by the 
American representative of the international commission that they 
mil be so modified as to eliminate the objectionable features, I wish 
to call the attention of your committee to some of the points in the 
regulations as included in this bill that cause our people great hard- 
ship and the enforcement of which would mean that the fishing 
operations on the American side would be greatly curtailed, to the 
immense advantage of the Canadians. It was because of these 
unwarranted and burdensome restrictions that we had expected to 
get a delay in the matter until they could be modified by the inter- 
national commission. 

The Fraser River is not included in the territory covered by the 
international treaty. If there is any virtue in having a single control, 
the entire area where fishing is carried on should be covered. 

The close season in section 62, from August 25 to September 15, 
affects all the different species of salmon and mil prevent the fishing 
for humpbacks, as the best and greatest part of the run is during 
this close-season period. 

The weekly close season, as provided in section 63, makes the period 
48 hours instead of 36 hours. This increase of 12 hours is unreason- 
able and an injustice to the American interests and altogether in favor 
of the Canadians. 

Section 64 abolishes the jigger. As traps are built to catch fish and 
the jigger is an essential part of the traps, this provision should be 
stricken out. 

Section 65 requires that mesh of trap leads be exactly 4 inches, 
which is impracticable. 

Section 66 prohibits purse seine fishing within 3 miles of any river, 
whereas the present Washington vState law makes the distance 2 miles. 
There is no just reason for this increase of distance. 

Mr. TowNSEND. Mr. Chairman, have we a map of Puget Sound here 
available ? 

The Chairman. Not a good one. 

Mr. Freeman. An ordinary atlas would do, or I could draw it in 
a moment. 

Mr. TowNSEND. Just give the committee a notion of how much of 
that water of Puget Sound is American water and how much Canadian 
water. 

Mr. Freeman. If I had a chart I could explain it very quickly. 

Mr. Fairchild. What do you mean by a new investigation of Puget 
Sound ? 

Mr, Freeman. The former investigation, it is felt by our people, 
was not fair to American interests. I say this without intent to reg- 
ister any criticism. I do not know what the custom of these hearings 
is. I do not want in my informal reply to questions to have it 
implied that I am here making reflections upon so great an authority 
as Dr. Jordan or any other gentleman. 

Mr. Cline. Let me ask you a question. When were these stipula- 
tions here approved by Canada ? 



6 UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHEEIES. 

Mr. Freeman. Dr. Smith can tell you that. They were approved 
by Canada within a short time after the regulations were filed. 

Mr. Cline. If these regulations were not satisfactory to your people, 
how does it come that you have waited for six or eight years before 
you come here to make this request ? 

Mr. Freeman. It is four years. The opposition on the part of our 
people was so bitter that we thmk it has had the effect of deferring the 
acceptance of these regulations in Congress. 

Mr. Cline. I should have thought you would have proceeded then 
to have a remvestigation of the whole matter if you are not satisfied 
with the regulations as they were made out by the commissioners 
six, seven, or eight years ago. 

Mr. Freeman. Not necessarily so. I think it was felt that these 
regulations were put in as having been adopted by the two com- 
missioners w^hen they were filed. There they were of record. There 
was one recourse they had at that time; that was to oppose what 
they felt was too extreme. More than that there was a very strong 
feeling against Federal control and bureaucracy out in our country. 

Mr. Cline. Have there been any steps taken ]:)rior to this to 
have a new investigation made and the regulations revised ? 

Mr. Freeman. The treaty is supposed, as a matter of fact, to have 
been dead; that when Congress failed to act at that time, that settled 
it. I think everyone felt so until the British Government has again 
called it up. 

Mr. Cline. The troatv was ratified eight vears ago. That made 
it 

Mr. Freeman. 1908. The regulations were formed and presented, 
I think, in 1910. 

Mr. LiNTHicuM. Can you teU me anything about the depletion of 
the catch in those waters ? 

Mr. Freeman. Would not you gentlemen prefer that I finish my 
very brief statement, and then I would be glad to answer any ques- 
tions ? I can define my position, and then I will be glad to answer 
any questions. 

Mr. TowNSEND. I just wanted to ask you one question. Does 
this Canadian-American line, the international water line, come down 
between Vancouver Island and Clallam County, or do we claim all 
that water up there [incUcating] ? 

Mr. Freeman. We have an equal division of these waters, as shown 
by this red line [indicating]. 

Mr. TowNSEND. That international line runs along here halfway 
between Vancouver Island and Clallam County, Wash., and then how 
does it go up there [inchcating] ? 

Mr. Freeman. Right about in through here, through this Haro 
Strait, I think. 

Mr. TowNSEND. Halfway between Washington and Vancouver 
Island in Haro Strait. In a general way it is an imaginary line that 
runs 

Mr. Freeman. Halfv/ay. That line is the boundary line. That 
little point is Point Roberts. 

Mr. Townsend. That is Point Roberts ? 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 7 

Mr. Freeman. Yes, coming down here [indicating]. 

As I explained, it has been expected that upon learning of the 
revival of this treaty matter application could be made here for 
a new investigation, particularly because now a new international 
commissioner has been appointed, who is serving, who must not have 
been familiar with the full facts, and whom we thought it would be 
perfectly proper to ask that he go over the ground, or have capable 
representatives go over the ground, to determine what the actual 
conditions are in the American waters from the American stand- 
point. I learned since arriving in Washington that the State De- 
partment felt that action was necessary at once, so I endeavored to 
ascertain what would be the likelihood in case these regulations as 
now provided for in this bill should pass, what protection Americans 
might have in the way of securing modifications or prevent what we 
may consider an injustice being done as against the Canadian rights. 
I interviewed at once Dr. Smith. Dr. Smith got in touch with Prof. 
Prince, the international commissioner, w^ho w^rote him February 
10 a letter I present to go in the record. « 

Also, I made inquiry of the State Department, Mr. J. B. Moore, 
counselor, as to whether in his opinion these regulations, if adopted, 
would be fixed and of a permanent and inflexible character. He 
replies at some length in effect that these regulations are not of a 
permanent inflexible character and it is placed within the power of 
the two Governments by joint or concurrent action to modify the 
regulations at any time as experience and changing conditions may 
suggest. 

Mr. Faiechild. I suggest that the letter be read. 

Mr. Freeman. This letter is from Prof. Prince, dated February 
10, Ottawa, Canada, and reads as follows: 

Ottawa, Canada, February 10, 1914- 
Dr. Hugh M. Smith, 

International Commissioner, Bureau of Fisheries, 

Washington, D. C, U. S. A. 
Dea^ Mr. Smith: I was very much pleased to receive your wire and to note the 
favorable aspect of international fishery matters, thanks to your efforts. I went across 
to our House of Commons, but Mr. Hazen was in the midst of pressing business in the 
house, and he left over the consideration of your wire until this morning. 

You would receive my reply, framed after my conference with the minister and 
deputy minister, this morning. While I am convinced that some of the changes which 
you regard as necessary do not vitally affect the regulations as a whole, the Govern- 
ment here feel that at this late stage tliey would invite severe criticism if they author- 
ized me to guarantee detailed changes, which are to be the subject of immediate inves- 
tigation. Article VI of the treaty, in its last clause, provides for our joining in amend- 
ments, if our investigations justify them, and that surely is sufficient. Extensive 
salmon-hatchery operations under the auspices of both countries we can strongly urge, 
more strongly than in recommendation 2, Part II, of Jordan and Prince's Code. 

I sincerely hope that any opponents of the regulations will feel that in your hands 
their views are safe and that we can, after investigation, meet any difficulties, but the 
Government here are impatient of the long delay that has occurred. 
With best wishes, I am. 
Yours, faithfully, 

(Signed) Edward E. Prince. 



8 UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHEEIES. 

Department of State, 

Washington, February 13, 1914- 
Miller Freeman, Esq., 

New Willard Hotel, Washin^on, D. C. 

Dear Sir: Referring to our conversation of yesterday afternoon, concerning the 
bill pending in Congress to give effect to the treaty for the i^reservation of food fishes 
in the waters contiguous to the United States and Canada, I desire to repeat that the 
prompt adoption of this measure appears to be essential to the accomplishment of an 
object of great importance to the permanent interests of the people of both countries. 
The regulations to which the bill proposes to give the force and effect of law were 
formulated by the international commission for which the treaty provides, but, as 
is wisely stipulated in the treaty, these regulations are not of a permanent and inflexi-" 
ble character. In the first place, they are, by the terms of the treaty, to remain in 
force only for a period of four years from the date of their promulgation, and there- 
after until one year from the date when either Government shall give notice to the 
other of its desire for their revision. But even this is not necessarily definitive; 
for, in the second place, by the express terms of the last clause of Article VI of the 
treaty, it is placed within the power of the two Governments, by joint or concurrent 
action upon the recommendation of the commission, in which both countries are 
equally represented, to modify the regulations at any time as experience and chang- 
ing conditions may suggest. Of this clause due notice is taken in the pending bill, 
which provides tliat immediately after the bill becomes a law the United States 
commissioner shall begin inquiries with a view to determine what modifications in 
the regulations are required by existing conditions. In this task the cooperation of 
the Canadian commissioner is already assured, for, although he is unable to give in 
advance a guaranty as to what the results of the investigation will be, he states that 
he will "undertake conjoint investigation without delay." It thus appears that all 
reasonable precautions have been taken to safeguard the interests of fishermen on 
both sides of the line. 

In our conference, at which the American commissioner was present, you pointed 
out that it might be desirable to adopt some measure, not embraced in the existing 
regulations, to prevent the destructive taking of undersized and immature salmon 
at or near certain feeding grounds wliich, although not in territorial waters, are in 
waters adjacent to the coast. Itis represented that these fishes, if permitted to develop, 
come into territorial waters to spawn and that the taking of them in an immature 
state, before they have reached the spawning age, cuts off a source from which the 
stock is replenished and threatens seriously to dimish the supply. This subject, as 
it appears directly to affect the preservation of the fisheries in contiguous waters, 
would seem to be a proper one for the investigation and consideration of the inter- 
national commission under the treaty and pencling bill, ^nd it is not improbable that 
measures might be deAdsed for the correction of destructive practices such as have 
been described. 

I am, sir, vour obedient servant, 

(Signed) J. B. Moore, Counselor. 

For the Secretary of State: 

There are two features there I want to call the attention of the 
committee to. One is that Prof. Purvie implies that he will imme- 
diately join in a modification of these regulations, if desired, after 
these regulations are passed, to endeavor to meet the conditions 
more satisfactorily. Also what is of equal importance to our people 
is the inference or the imphed promise of extensive salmon-fishery 
operations untler the auspices of both countries, which we can 
strongly urge. Something which our people are very greatly inter- 
ested in is the question of propagation on a scale of considerable 
magnitude to maintain those fisheries. 

Mr. TowNSEND. Can you give the committee any idea of the 
salmon packed there now ? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes. 

Mr. TowNSEND. I wish you would do that; that is, on the American 
side. 

Mr. Freeman. The salmon packed on the American side of Puget 
Sound last year was 2,583,463 cases. 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES, 9 

Mr. TowNSEND. How nmny cans to a case? 

Mr. Freeman. Forty-eight 1 -pound cans. 

Mr. TowNSEND. This is all packed on the American side ? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes, sir; the value of that product was $13,329,168. 

Mr. TowNSEND. That is, at the Puget Sound market? 

Mr. Freeman. The Puget Sound pack. 

Mr. Linthicum. What was it five years ago ? 

Mr. Freeman. In 1909 the total pack was 1,632,949 cases. 

Mr. Cline, Are you familiar with the bill introduced by Mr. Flood ? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes. 

Mr. Cline. Do you not think that would reach the desired end 
that you want, by the enactment of this bill, or a similar one, where it 
provides "That immediately after the passage of this act the Interna- 
tional Fisheries Commission shall begin with a view to determining 
what modifications in the regulations herein provided for are required 
by existing conditions, and shall transmit to Congress, at the opening 
of its next session, through the Secretary of State, recommendations 
for such modifications as the International Fisheries Commission shall 
decide to be proper and necessary." 

Would that not be a good court for you to apply to ? 

Mr. Freeman. That is in effect what this correspondence bears on. 
It is implied by Prof. Prince and also quoted by the Department of 
State. I wanted to check it up as clearly as possible, in a way that 
our people could understand. • I wish to say that the attitude that we 
take is that we have been fearful of Federal control. 

Mr. Cline. How could you get an examination of this proposition 
you submit without a commission being appointed ? 

Mr. Freeman. The commission still exists. Dr. Smith is the 
international commissioner for this country and Prof. Prince for 
Canada. I wish to suggest that I think it would be highly advisable 
if Dr. Smith could attend this committee and elaborate to a con- 
siderably greater extent on the scientific features of this treaty. I 
suggested to him a little while ago that he come up, but he had an 
appointment which he could not break. 

Mr. Cline. I do not see how you could get any quicker action tlian 
you could by the passage of a bill of this character. 

Mr. Freeman. This, by the way, is a new bill with the provision in 
it, as I understand, to immediately modify existing regulations. 
That was suggested to be written in there by Dr. Smith. 

Mr. Cline. I inquire whether you are opposed, and the people 
that you represent, to any Federal regulation at all of the salmon 
fisheries in Puget Sound ? 

Mr. Free>l\n. I wish to say that our peo])le rather do not want to 
be put in the ])osition of opposing any good legislation for th(^ main- 
tenance of the fishing industry if it may be decided in the wisdom of 
Congress or this administration, after })roper consideration, that such 
administration is to be a benefit to the industry. It is felt by the 
fishing interests generally, I believe, that they do not want to inter- 
pose any active opjjosition. 

Mr. TowNSEND. In order to get some facts into the record, I want 
to call the attention, of the committee to a publication that Mr. 
Freeman has referred to, entitled "Pacific Fisherman Year Book. 
January, 1914." I find a statement on page 40, under the subhead 



10 UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHEKIES. 

"Pack of canned salmon on Puget Sound from 1887 to 1913, by 
species." In that statement I find that the total value in 1913 was — 
are these dollars? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes. 

Mr. TowNSEND. I find here that the pack of canned salmon on 
Puget Sound in 1913 was $13,329,168. 

Mr. Freeman. That is correct. 

Mr. TowNSEND. The year before $2,283,791. 

Mr. Freeman. That is correct. 

Mr. Townsend. I think the committee would be much interested 
to know what that increase of $11,000,000 was due to, from 1912 to 
1913. It might operate very effectively on our minds. 

Mr. Freeman. I mil be glad to tell you briefly. I think that Dr. 
Smith could perhaps enlighten you better from the scientific point of 
view on these matters. 1 am the i)ublisher of this journal, and have 
been now going on 1 1 years. The salmon on Puget Sound do not 
run regularly. The sockeye runs particularly heavily every four 
years; 1913 was the fourth year. Here [indicating] is the fourth 
year. Here it is again. You see those figures out there 

Mr. Townsend. Yes; but let us get the value of them. This 
committee is supposed to deal with diplomacy, but we are very much 
interested in the material conditions of the country. If you will 
permit me, Mr. Chairman, I will read from this yearbook. In 1913 
the value in dollars, as stated here by this publication that I have 
identified in the record, was $13,329,168. The year before it was 
two million and some hundred thousand dollars. But the fourth 
year above that it is practicallv $8,000,000. The vear above that it 
is $2,669,095; is that right? 

^Ir. Freeman. Yes, sir; that is 1905. The fourth year above that 
runs up again to $5,615,433. 

Mr. Linthicum. That is 1905 ? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes, sir. 

Mr. Townsend. I have quoted enough of the figures, Mr. Chairman, 
to show that this total of value of the pack on the American side runs 
up to $13,000,000 in 1913, and the smaller figures in between are to be 
accounted for because, as the witness states, the sockeye comes only 
in great quantities every four years. 

Mr. Freeman. Yes, sir. 

Mr. Linthicum. In other words, those fish that were born in those 
fresh waters in 1909, for instance, will return four years afterwards to 
spawn themselves. 

Mr. Freeman. Yes, sir; that is correct. They mature in four 
years. 

Mr. Linthicum. And return to practically the same stream that 
they were originally. 

Mr. Freeman. That is the assumption. 

Mr. Linthicum. WiU you tell us what method you are usmg now 
for catching fish up there ? 

Mr. Freeman. On Puget Sound? 

Mr. Linthicum. Yes. 

Mr. Freeman. Traps and purse seines. 

Mr. Linthicum. Are not a great many of those fish drowned in 
those traps, or what you call pound nets ? 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHEEIES. 11 

Mr. Freeman. No, sir. 

Mr. LiNTHicuM. They are all used in the cannery ? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes, sir. 

Mr. LiNTHiCFM. And none used for fertilizer purposes ? 

Mr. Freeman. No, sir; absolutely not. The purse-seine method 
is shown there in the book. 

Mr. LiNTHiciTM. I laiow the method. You continued the system 
of those pound nets or traps, as I would term them, and you in- 
creased in 1909, when it was how much — 8,000,000? 

Mr. Freeman. No; you are spealdng of cases, are you ? 

Mr. LiNTHicuM. Dollars. 

Mr. Freeman. Yes. 

Mr. LiNTHicuM. In 1909 up to S8,000,000 and in 1913 to $13,000,000, 
and you are catching vastly more fish, are you not ? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes, sir. 

Mr. Linthicum. What effect is that going to have on the supply? 

Mr. Freeman. That is one of the questions that is open to a more 
thorough investigation than it has been given in the past. Dr. 
Smith will be able to enlighten you as to the habits of the fish, but 
the point, so far as these boundary waters of Puget Sound and Fraser 
River are concerned, is that Fraser River, a Canadian stream, is the 
chief spawning stream. I am not making an argument for or against 
this proposition, but for the purpose of explanation. The local gov- 
ernments of the province of British Columbia and the State of Wash- 
ington have endeavored for years to come to some agreement with 
reference to the control of these waters where they are interwoven, 
but it has not been successful. That is the theory upon which I be- 
lieve Congress is proceeding with reference to the treaties respecting 
these boundary waters. 

The Chairman. Did I not understand you to say that the reason 
you had a large catch in 1913 was because of the spawn of 1909 com- 
ing back ? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes, sir. 

Mr. .Cline. Why did you not have a large catch in 1912 when the 
spawn of 1908 came back? 

Mr. Linthicum. And less fish. 

Mr. TowNSEND. Now with reference to these figures in the table 
as presented here, and to which this gentleman has referred, we have 
five varieties of salmon, and when he speaks of the large packs the 
year before— 1911, I believe it was 

Mr. Cline. I am led to understand by your statement that they 
change around — one set comes up one year and another variety the 
next year. Is that what you want the committee to understand ? 

Mr. Freeman. The runs of the dift'erent spe?ies are variable. 

Mr. Townsend. I suggest, Mr. Chairman, that these very interest- 
ing tables be incorporated in this record. 

The Chairman. That will be done. 

(The tables referred to are as follows.) 



12 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHEEIES. 
Pacific coast canned salmon pack, 1913. 





Kings, Springs, Chinooks. 


Reds, Sockeyes, Bluebacks. 


Medium Reds, Cohoes, 
Silversides. 


District. 


"2 
o 


c 
o 


Occ 


"3 

c 
3 

a 


C3 

•a 

a 



)^ 

00 


"3 

S 
3 



§ 

a 


'S . 

« a 

§•§ 

Occ 

a 


Alaska 


32, 840 
716 

28, 738 




1,327 

"66," 745' 


1,917,961 
967, 119 


17, 628 
485, 426 


28,790 

220,554 

11, 152 


73,218 
20, 440 
10,437 


721 

38,3;-! 
19, 408 


3,438 


Puget Sound 


518 

96, 633 

950 

6,957 


2,225 
11, 124 


Sacramento River 








Outside streams 


4,827 


4,172 


13,458 


5,778 


3,381 


24,011 


12,893 


13,942 


Total American 
pack... 


67, 121 


105,058 


72,244 


2,898,538 


508,832 


263,877 


128,106 


71,376 


30, 729 






British Columbia 


34, 282 


1,579 


5,188 


290,063 


270,368 


411,747 


52,937 


7,946 


8,939 


Total pack of 
entire coast.. 


101,403 


106,637 


77, 432 


3,188,601 


779, 200 


675,624 


181,043 


79,322 


39,668 





Pinks, 


Humpbacks. 


Chums. 


Steelheads. 


Total. 


District. 


3 

a 

3 


a 


■3 

T3 
§ 

a 


IS 

Ooo 
ft 


la 

3 


ft 


■0 
g 




i5 
a . 

^1 
3^ 

Ox 

a 


"3 

■a 

3 

a 


•» 

c 


a 


■J2 

K S 

Ox 


i 


3 


Alaska 


1,377,586 
761,776 


4,766 
17, 167 


20,564 
12,943 


261,161 
54, 100 
13, 181 


5,668 
2,125 


825 








3,746,493 


Piifpt .Sound 








2, 583, 463 


Columbia River 


122 


1,137 


3,785 


4,017 


266, 479 


Sacramento River. . 








950 


Outside streams 


4,141 


159 


177 


17,349 


316 




600 






112, 161 










Total American 
pack 


2,143,503 


22,092 


33,684 


345,791 


8,109 


947 


1,737 


3,785 


4,017 


6,709,546 




British Columbia... 


148,799 


12, 928 


31, 160 


76,369 


1,596 










1, 353, 901 















Total pack of 
entire coast... 


2,292,302 


35,020 


64,844 


422, 160 


9,705 


947 


1,737 


3,785 


4,017 


8,063,447 



Canned salmon jacks, by grades, 1910-11-12-13. 



Grade. 



Pink 

Red, Sockeye, Bluebaek . . , 
Coho, Silversidc, Med. Red 

King, Spring, Chinook 

Chum 

Steelhead 

Total 



1913 



2,392,166 

4,643,425 

300,033 

285,472 

432,812 

9,539 



8,063,447 



1,556,128 

2,-544,435 

621,817 

426,338 

808, 630 

7,198 



5,956,953 



1911 



2,373,595 

1,869,927 

676, 141 

627,714 

592, 790 

8,618 



6,140,887 



598,815 
2,262,401 
502,837 
409, 402 
530,990 
5,576 



4,316,453 



California canned salmon pack, 1913. 





Cannery location. 


Chinooks. 


Total, 

full 
cases. 


Company, 


1-pound 
flats. 


J-pound 
flats, 8 
dozen. 


Carquinez Packing Co 




950 
3,897 




950 


Klamath River Packing Co 


Klamath River 


2,479 


6,376 








Total 


4,847 


2,479 


7,326 









UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHEKIES. 



13 



Pack, of canned salmon in Alaska from 1898 to 1913, by species. 



Year. 


Coho, or Silver. 


Dog, or 


Chum. 


Humpback, or Pink. 




Cases. 


Value. 


Cases. 


Value. 


Cases. 


Value. 


1898 


54,711 
39,402 
50,984 
65,509 
82,723 
120, 506 
85, 741 
67,394 
109,141 
85, 190 
68, 827 
56,556 
114,026 
129, 704 
170,384 
77,377 




5,184 

1,931 

30,012 

47, 464 

159,849 

35,052 

21,178 

41,972 

254,812 

184, 173 

218,513 

120, 712 

254,218 

303,823 

638,528 

267,654 




109,399 
149, 159 
232,022 
541,427 
549, 602 
355,799 
299,333 
168,597 
348,297 
561,973 
644, 133 
464,873 
554,322 
1,021,356 
1,303,365 
1,402,916 




1899 








1900 








1901 








1902. .. 








1903 








1904. 








1905 


$215,875 
382, 109 
337,384 
274,089 
231, 029 
559, 666 
752,283 
791,023 
271,078 


$113,056 
730,235 
547, 757 
554, 197 
274,110 
773, 409 
1,215,692 
1,600,444 
623,424 


$498, 194 


1906 


1,046,951 


1907 


1,799,280 


1908 


1,733,379 


1909 


1,114,839 


1910 


1,764,055 


1911 


4,493,966 


1912 


3,410,928 


1913 


3, 687, 446 







Year. 


King, 01 


Spring. 


Red, or 


Soekeye. 


Total. 




Cases. 


Value. 


Cases. 


Value. 


Cases. 


Value. 


1898 


12,862 
23,400 
37,715 
43,0(19 
59, 104 
47,609 
41,956 
42, 125 
30, 834 
43, 424 
23,730 
48,034 
40, 221 
45, .378 
52,594 
34, 167 




782,941 
■'•64,254 
1,197,406 
1,319,335 
1,685,546 
1,687,244 
1,505,548 
1,574,428 
1,475,961 
1,295,113 
1,651,770 
1,705,302 
1,4.50,267 
1,320,705 
1,904,258 
1,964,379 




965,097 
1,078,146 
1,548,139 
2,016,804 
2,536,824 
2,246,210 
1,953,756 
1,894,516 
2,219,044 
2,169,873 
2,606,973 
2,395,477 
2,413,054 
2,820,966 
4,060,129 
3,746,493 




1899 








1900 








1901. 






1902 








1903. . . .. 








1904 








1905 


$141,999 
116,222 
l'!l,718 
99,867 
:07,b24 
214,802 
363,024 
310,847 
140,914 


$5,335,547 
5,620,875 
5,915,227 
7,524,251 
7,610,550 
7,774,390 
8,552,512 

10,776,987 
9,136,616 


$6,304,671 


1906 


7,896,392 


1907 


8,781,366 


1908 


10,185,783 


1909 


9,438,152 


1910... 


11,086,322 


1911 


16,198,833 


1912. 


16,890,229 


1913 . ... 


13,859,478 









Oregon 


coast c 


anned 


salmon pack 


, 1913 












Cannery location. 


Ciiinooks. 


Sil'v-ersides. 


Chums. 


Tof..- 
full 
cases 


Company. 


1- 

pound 
tails. 

1,175 


1- 

pound 
flats. 


pound 
fiats, 8 
dozen. 


1- 

pound 
taUs. 


1- 

pound 
flats. 


i- 
poiiind 
flats, 8 
dozen. 


1- 

ponnd 
tails. 


1- 
pound 

flats. 


Barnes, F.C.,&Co 
Barne= F C & Co ' 


Waldport 


185 




1,477 


1,995 




80 


80 


4,992 












4,040 
2, 700 

3,644 

"i,"666 


3,558 

"i,'666 


1,010 
429 

637 
1,403 






5,050 


Co-Op. Pkg. Co. 
Elmore Plig. C0.2.. 

Kyle, V»m.,& Sons. 

Macleay Estate 

Oregon' Fisheries Co 
Prosper <" aiming Co 
Tallant-Grant Pkg. 

C0.3 
Tallant-Grant Pkg. 

Co. 
Southern Oregon Co 
Umpqua River Co- 
Op. Pkg. Co.i 


Umpqua, Alsea, 
Siletz, Nestiic- 
ca, Nehalem. 








165 




6,852 








4,281 






1,520 
1,000 


1,500 


5,423 


Bay City 


1,600 


1,000 




4,600 




3,860 


3,860 






























3,300 








3,300 












4,083 






4,083 








































Co-Op. Pkg. Co.i 






















Total 


2,775 


2,705 


1,500 


12,861 


9,853 


11,422 


1,245 


80 


42,441 









1 Not operated 1913. 

2 Cannery at Garibaldi, Tillamook Bay, not operated. 

3 The two Florence canneries combined forces in 1913 and operated but one plant, the jomt pack bemg 
shown for Wm. Kyle & Sons. 



14 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 

Pack by ivaters, 1864-1913. 



Year. 


Puget 
Sound. 


Grays 
Harl^or. 


Willapa 
Harbor. 


Colnmhia 
River. 


Coastal 

streams 

of Oregon. 


Smith 
River, Cal. 


1864 


Cases. 


Cases. 


Cases. 


Cases. 


Cases. 


Cases. 


1865 














1866 








4,000 
18, 000 
28,000 
100, 000 
150,000 
200,000 
250,000 
250, 000 
350, 000 
375, 000 
450,000 
380,000 
460, 000 
480, 000 
530,000 
550,000 
541,300 
629,400 
620, 000 
553,800 
448,500 
356, 000 
372,477 
309,885 
435,774 
398, 953 
487, 338 
415,876 
490, 100 
634, 696 
481,697 
552, 721 
487, 944 
332, 774 
358, 772 
390, 183 
317, 143 
339, 577 
395, 104 
397, 273 
394,898 
324, 171 
253,341 
274, 087 
391,415 
543,331 
285, 666 
266, 479 






1867. 












1868 












1869 . 












1870 












1871 












1872 












1873 












1874 












1875 












1876 












1877 


5,500 

238 

1,300 

5,100 

8, 500 

7,900 

1,500 

5,500 

12,000 

17,000 

22, 000 

21,975 

11,674 

8,000 

20,529 

26,426 

89,774 

95, 400 

179,968 

195, 664 

494, 026 

400,200 

919,611 

469,450 

1,380,590 

581, 659 

478,488 

291,488 

1,018,641 

430, 602 

698,080 

448,765 

1,632,949 

567,883 

1,557,029 

416, 125 

2,583,463 






7,804 
16, 634 
8,571 
7,772 
12,320 
19, 186 
16, 156 
12,276 
9,310 
49, 147 
73, 996 
92,863 
98,800 
47,009 
24,500 
83, 600 
52,778 
54,815 
77,878 
87,360 
60, 158 
75, 679 
82,041 
12,237 
58,618 
44,236 
54,861 
98,874 
89,055 
197,332 
79,712 
52, 478 
58, 169 
103,617 
153,828 
77, 765 
42,441 




1878 


5,420 




4,277 


1879. 






1880 






7,500 


1881. 








1882 








1883 








1884. . . 








1885 








1886 









1887 








1888 


37,000 


22,500 


2,347 


1889 




1890 








1891. 


500 
16,500 
22, 000 
21,400 
11,449 
21,274 
13,300 
12,100 
24,240 
30, 800 
41,500 
31,500 


8,000 
14,500 
16, 195 
15, 100 
22, 600 
24,941 
29, 600 
21,420 
21,314 
26,300 
24,000 
39,492 

5,890 
26,400 
14,950 
14,440 
13, 382 
20,457 
12,024 
14, 508 
25, 850 
24, 887 

8,422 




1892 




1893 


1,500 


1894 


1,500 


1895 


2,250 


1896.. 




1897 




1898. 




1899 




1900 




1901 




1902 




1903.. . . 




1904 


27,559 
22, 050 
22, 000 
14,000 
14,000 
19, 787 
51, 130 
61,671 
54,507 
54,922 




1905 




1906 




1907 




1908.. . 




1909 




1910.. 




1911 




1912 


2,200 


1913.. . . 








Total 


15,104,997 


630, 609 


477, 172 


18,055,675 


2,103,979 


21,574 







UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES, 
Pack by waters, 1864-1913— Contimied. 



15 



Year. 


Klamath 
River, Cal. 


Eel River, 
Cal. 


Sacra- 
mento 
River. 


Alaska. 


British 
Columbia. 


Total. 


1864 


Cases. 


Cases. 


Cases. 
2,000 
2,000 


Cases. 


Cases. 


Cases. 
2,000 


1865 










2,000 


1866 










4,000 


1867 












18,000 


1868 












28, 000 


1869 












100,000 


1870 












150,000 


1871 












200, 000 


1872 . . 










250,000 


1873 












250,000 


1874 






2,500 
3,000 
10,000 
21,500 
34, 017 
13,855 
62,000 
181, 200 
200,000 
123,000 
81, 450 
90,000 
39,300 
36, 500 
68,075 
57,300 
25,065 
19,353 
2,281 
23,336 
28,463 
25, 185 
13,387 
38,543 
29,731 
32,580 
39,304 
17, 500 
14,043 
8,200 
14,407 
2,780 






352, 500 


1875 . . . 










378,000 


1876 








7,247 
58,387 
89, 946 
61,093 
61,849 
169, 576 
240, 461 
163, 438 
123,706 
108,517 
152,964 
204, 083 
184,000 
417,211 
411,257 
314,511 
248, 721 
610,202 
492,232 
587,692 
617,782 

1,027,183 
492, 551 
765, 519 
606,540 

1,247,212 
627, 161 
873, 847 
465,894 

1, 167, 822 
629,460 
547,459 
566,303 
993, 060 
760,830 
948, 965 
996,576 

1,353,901 


467,247 


1877 




8,500 
10,500 




481, 691 


1878 




8,159 

12, 530 

6,539 

8,977 

21,745 

48,337 

64,886 

82,415 

142,065 

206, 677 

412,115 

719, 196 

682,591 

801,400 

474,717 

643, 654 

686,440 

626, 530 

966, 707 

909,078 

965,097 

1,078,146 

1,548,139 

2,016,804 

2, 436, 824 

2, 246, 210 

1, 953, 756 

1,894,516 

2,219,044 

2, 169, 873 

2,606,973 

2,395,477 

2,413,054 

2, 820, 066 

4,060,129 

3,746,493 


629, 191 


1879 




577,349 


1880 




6,250 


687,010 


1881 




930,573 


1882 






1,030,592 


1883 






981,831 


1884 






907,918 


1885 






857,042 








848,976 


1887 






899, 256 


1888 


4,400 




1,217,792 


1889 




1,614,066 


1890 






1, 609, 696 


1891 






1,578,746 








1,354,083 


1893 


1,600 
1,700 
1,600 




1,876,915 


1894 . . 




1,887,150 


1S95 




2,169,848 


1896 




2,408,812 


1897 . ... 






3,124,609 


1898 






2,484,722 


1899 


1,600 




3,257,825 






3,091,542 


1901 






5,186,407 


1902 


2,500 




4,194,558 


1903 




3,607,073 


1904 . . 


3,400 




3,276,882 


1905 




4,607,087 


1906 






3, 817, 776 


1907 . . 








3,846,677 


1908 








3,962,317 


1909 * .... 


5,633 
8,016 
7,604 
20,000 
6,376 






5,391,186 


1910 


6,000 




4,316,453 


1911 


4,142 


6,122,486 


1912 


11,000 


5, 948, 855 


1913 


950 


8,063,447 








Total 


64,429 


42,250 


1, 357, 947 


44,196,359 


18,995,198 


101,050,186 







16 UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHEEIES. 

Pack of canned salmon in Alaska, by districts, from inception of the industry. 





Southeast Alaska. 


Central Alaska. 


Western Alaska. Total. 


Year. 


Can- 
neries. 


Pack, cases. 


Can- 
neries. 


Pack, cases. 


Can- 
neries. 


Pack, cases. 


Can- 
neries. 


Pack, cases. 


1878 


2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

4 

4 

3 

4 

5 

6 

12 

12 

11 

7 

8 

7 

7 

9 

9 

9 

9 

10 

21 

26 

21 

12 

13 

20 

22 

23 

19 

23 

32 

51 

42 


8,159 

12,530 

6,539 

8,977 

11,501 

20,040 

22, 189 

16, 728 

IS, 660 

31,462 

81,128 

141,760 

142,901 

156,615 

115, 722 

136,053 

142,544 

148, 476 

262,381 

271,867 

251,385 

310.219 

456,639 

735,449 

906.676 

642,305 

569.005 

433.607 

767.285 

SS7,.503 

1,011.648 

852, 870 

1,066,399 

1,580.868 

2, 033, 648 

1,793,851 










2 
2 
1 

1 
3 
6 
7 
6 
9 
10 
16 
37 
35 
30 
15 
22 
21 
23 
29 
29 
30 
32 
42 
55 
64 
60 
55 
47 
47 
48 
.50 
45 
.52 
64 
87 
79 


8,159 


1879 










12,530 
6,539 

8,977 
21,745 


1880 










1881 










1882 


2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

6 

21 

19 

14 

6 

11 

10 

10 

12 

13 

14 

14 

14 

13 

12 

12 

11 

9 

8 

8 

8 

8 

10 

11 

14 

14 


10, 244 
28, 297 
42, 297 
52,687 
74,583 
102,515 
241,101 
461,451 
421,300 
511,367 
295, 496 
399, 815 
435,052 
327, 919 
485,990 
382, 899 
.395,009 
,35(),095 
492:223 
.5ti2, 142 
.583,690 
417,175 
499.485 
371,755 
473,024 
522,836 
425,721 
391,054 
432, 517 
499, 743 
625,062 
447,267 






1883 






48, 337 
64, 886 


1884 


1 
1 
3 
3 

4 
4 
4 
5 
2 
3 
4 
6 
8 

7 
9 
12 
21 
26 
27 
32 
25 
19 
IS 
19 
18 
19 
21 
22 
23 


1400 

14,000 

48, 822 

72, 700 

89, 886 

115,9.85 

118,390 

1,33,418 

63, 499 

107, 786 

108, 844 

150, 135 

218,336 

2.54,312 

318,703 

411,832 

599,277 

719,213 

1,046,4.58 

1,186,730 

885,268 

1,089,154 

978,735 

759.. 534 

1,169,604 

1,151,553 

914, 138 

743,200 

1,395.931 

1,505,375 


1885 


83,415 


1886 


142, 065 


1887 


206, 677 


1888 


412,115 


1889 


719, 196 


1890 


682, 591 


1891 


801, 400 


1892 


474,717 


1893 


643,654 
686, 440 


1894 


1895 


626,530 


1896 


966, 707 


1897 


909, 078 


1898 


965,097 


1899 


1,078,146 


1900.. 


1,548,139 


1901 


2,016,804 
2,5.36,824 


1902 


1903 


2,246,210 
1,953,756 


1904 . .... 


1905 


1,894,516 
2,219,044 
2, 169. 873 


1906 


1907 


1908 . . 


2,606,973 
2,395,477 
2,413,054 


1909 


1910 


1911 


2,823,817 


1912 


4,054,641 
3.746,493 


1913 






Total 




16,21.5,101 




11,767,811 




J(i,379,090 




44.194,622 









Experimental pack. 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 
Southeastern Alaska canned salmon pack, 1913. 



17 





Camiery loca- 
tion. 


Kings. 


Reds. 


Medium Reds. 


Name. 


1-pound 
tails. 


i-pounc 
" flats 
8 dozen 


1-poimd 
tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 


J-pound 

flats 
8 dozen. 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 


J-pound 

flats 
8 dozen. 


Admiralty Trading 
Co. 


Gambler Bay. 

Loring and 
Wrangell. 

Yes Bay, 
C ho m le y 
and Chilkobt 

WaterfaU 


61 




855 
4,097 
5,093 

550 
115 

4,242 

846 






1,173 
2,019 
1,839 

350 
230 

2,432 

786 














Assn. 
Alaska Pac. Fisher- 
ies. 

Alaska Fish Co 


50 
250 


110 




10, 928 




857 


Alaska Sanitary Pkg. 

Co. 
Astoria and Puget 

Sound Pkg. Co. 
Barnes F C & Co 


438 
1,514 


965 


49 
280 


59 


Excursion In- 
let. 














Canoe Pass Pkg. Co.'. 
Deep Sea Salmon Co . 
Fidalgo Island Pkg. 
Co. 
















Cape Edwards 






2,892 
182 

1,764 

3,894 

105 

7,370 


1,008 

447 

1,137 


'"'956' 
660 


2,098 
73 

1,873 
551 










217 


160 


Two canneries 






182 


Hawk Fish Co 








Hidden Inlet Can- 


Hidden Inlet 














ning Co. 
Hoonah Pkg. Co 












307 






Nakat Inlet 














Irving Pkg. Co 








1,234 






402 
30 












145 


30 




225 


Kasaan Company - . . 
Kuiu Island Pkg. Co. 
Lindenberger Pkg. 
Co. 
















- 


763 
1,652 

2,110 






603 
955 

1,205 






Craig 






























Metlakahtla 














trial Co.i 
Myers, Geo. T.,& Co. 
North Pac. Pkg. & 

Trdg. Co. 








8,147 
1,883 

6,730 






2,809 
478 

3,368 






Klawack 

Quadra, Hun- 
t e r Bay, 
Santa Ana, 
D u n d a s 
Bay. 

Waterfall 


375 
26 












6,058 








eries Co. 
Oceanic Pkg. Co.^ 






Excursion In- 
let. 
Petersburg 


109 




24, 344 

150 

1,692 






3,648 

766 

1,611 






Fisheries. 
Pac. Coast* & Nor- 


1,0.34 


13 


175 


80S 


way Pkg. Co. 
Pillar Bay Pkg. Co . . 
Point Warde Pkg. 

Co.i 






























371 






148 








Shakan 














Sanborn-Cram Co 

Starr-CoUinson Pkg. 

Co. 
Sunny Point Pkg. 

Co. 


Burnett Inlet . 






350 
1,170 

271 






250 
192 

160 














































Skowl Arm Pkg. Co . 

St. Elias Pkg. Co.i... 

Taku Caiming & 
Cold Slg. Co. 

Tee Harbor Pkg. Co. 

Thlinket Pkg. Co. . . . 

Walsh-Moore Can- 
ning Co. 

Wiese Pkg. Co 

Yakutat & Southern 
Rwy. 








156 






101 






Alsek 














Taku Harbor. 


25 




978 
5,112 




3,887 


4,004 

907 

6,164 

64 




1,147 








17,751 


3,085 


2,379 












212 

2,441 
36,479 






























12,316 




















Total 


896 


110 


146,001 


14,866 


19,818 


53,912 


721 


3,438 









1 Did not operate. ^ shown under Gorman & Co. 

33943—14 2 



3 Absorbed by Alaska Fish Co. 



18 



UNITED STATES-CANADA nSHEKIES. 
Southeastern Alaska canned salmon pack, 1913 — Continued. 





Pinks. 


Chums. 


Total 

full 

cases. 


Name. 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 


^-pound 
' flats 
8 dozen. 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 


^pound 

flats 
8 dozen. 




14,958 

187, 307 

114,411 

13,000 

15,568 

17,036 
20, 515 






3,594 
28,117 
37,082 

1,050 
608 

3,687 
6,031 






20,641 












221,540 






3,999 




265 


174,634 


Alaska Fish Co 






15. 800 


Alaska Sanitary Pkg. Co 

Astoria and Puget Sound Pkg. 
Co 


1,344 


325 






18,73(i 






30, 156 


Barnes F C & Co 










28, 178 


Canoe Pass Pkg Co ' 














6,739 
35,614 
85.300 
24,031 
15,245 
22,220 






8,113 






20,850 


Fidalgo Island Pkg Co 


2,672 
586 


9,910 
6,082 






50,014 


Gorman & Co 


23,094 
6,244 
1,203 
1,616 


2,619 


65 


123,579 


Hawk Fish Co 


34.720 












16,5.53 












31,513 














Irvin" Pkg Co 


21,265 
17,550 






2,265 
9,950 






25, 166 


Kake Pkg Co 










27, 930 














Kuiu Island Pkg. Co 


27, 251 
46,230 
52,560 






11,778 

2,100 

127 






40,395 










50, 937 












56, 002 














Myers Geo T & Co 


49,476 
34, 939 
111,973 






10,938 
3,238 
8,552 






71,370 


Nbrth'Pac. Pkg. & Trdg. Co. . . . 










40,913 










136, 707 


Oceanic Pkg Co s 














59,876 
26,367 
16,522 






ii,623 
12,585 
8,276 






99, 000 


Pac. Coast & Norway Pkg. Co. . 
Pillar Bay Pkg Co . 


164 


248 


3,049 


495 


45, 854 
28,100 




i 








Pure Food Fish Co 


25,717 


1 








26, 236 


Shakan Salmon Co 2 . 














27, 100 
9,649 
14,902 




5,100 
5,859 
1,332 






32,800 




■ 






16, 870 


Sunny Point Pkg Co 








16, 665 


Swift Arthur & Co 1 










Skowl Arm Pkg Co 


12,626 




1,257 






14, 140 


St Elias Pkg. Co.i 










Taku Canning & Cold Stg. Co.. 
Tee Harlior Pkg Co 


18,325 
19, 822 
60, 230 

8,371 
37, 895 

2,880 




8,414 

4,667 

19, 766 

530 






36, 780 


1 






30, 508 


Thlinket Pkg Co 










109, 375 


Walsh-Moore Canning Co 

Wiese Pkg Co 










9,177 




1 






40, 336 














51,675 




I 










Total 


1,274,070 


4,766 1 20.564 


248, 196 


5,668 


825 


1,793,851 








1 





' Did not operate. 2 Shown under Gorman & Co. s Absorbed by Alaska Fish Co. 

Central Alaska canned-salmon pack, 1913. 





Cannery location. 


Kings 

(1- 
pound 
tails). 


Reds. 


Medi- 
um 
reds(l- 
pound 
tails). 


Pmks 

pound 
tails). 


Chums 

(1- 
pound 

taUs). 


Total 

(full 

cases) . 


Name. 


1-pound 
tails. 


^-pound 
flats (8 
dozen). 


Alaska Packers' As- 
sociation. 

Columbia River Pack- 


Ka.^ilof , L a r s e n s 
Bay, Chignik, and 
Alitak. 

Cnignik 


7,632 

169 
204 


131,890 

23, 857 

25, 702 

8,305 
20, 291 
107,637 

35,743 

5,870 


4,958 


5, 796 
1,774 


10, 664 
6,747 


1.920 

890 

"i,'496' 

695 

43 


157,902 
.37,505 


ers' Association. 
Fidalgo Island Packing 

Co. 
Kodialc Fisheries Co. . . 


Point Graham 

TCodiak 


26, 796 




169 
2,054 
2, 061' 


15,299 

23 

16,344 


23, 773 


Libbv, McNeil & Libbv 




3,062 
4,037 

229 

CO 


25,430 


Northwestern Fisheries 
Co. 


Orca, Kenai, Uvak, 
Chigoik. 


131,569 
36, 6C7 


eries. 
Seldovia Salmon Co 


Seldovia 




1,430 


222 


7,625 








Total 


15,393 


359, 295 


4,958 


13,284 


49,299 


5,038 


447, 207 









UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 19 

Western Alaska, or Bristol Bay, canned-salmon pack, 191S. 





Cannery location. 


Kings. 


Reds. 


Name. 


1-pound 

tails. 


.^pound 

flats (8 
dozen). 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 


•i-pound 
flats (8 
dozen). 


Alaska Fishermen's Pack- 


Nushagak and Koggiung 

Nushagak (2), Koggiung 
(2), Naknek (3), and 
I'gaguk. 


148 
3,131 

3,587 

1,343 

fit) 

3,321 

11 

1,279 

3,550 
74 
41 


1,217 


82,324 
707, 389 

03,111 

27,019 
02, 150 
42,542 

90, C25 
213, 122 

35, 393 
43, 123 
39,837 




1, 750 


ing Co. 
Alaska Paelvers' Associa- 






tion. 






1,235 


Association. 


Wood River 

Kvichak . . 








Bristol Bay Packing Co 








Coin m Ilia River Packers' 


Nushagak 




1,310 

484 
216 




Association. 
Naknek Packing Co 


Naknek 

Koggiung, Lockonock, 
Nushagak, and Tga- 
guk. 




427 


North Alaska Salmon Co. . 




696 




Port Motler 




752 






I'gashik 






Midnight Sun Packing Co. 




















Total 


10.551 


1,217 


1,412,065 


2, 702 


4,014 









Name. 



Cannery location. 



Medium 

reds 
(1-pound 

tails). 



Pinks 

(1-pound 

tails). 



Chums 
(1-pound 
. tails). 



Total 

(full 

cases) . 



Alaska Fishermen's Packing 

Co. 
Alaska Packers' Association. . . 

Alaska- Portland Packers' As- 
sociation. 

Alaska Salmon Co 

Bristol Bay Packing Co 

Columbia River Packers' As- 
sociation. 

Naknek Packing Co 

North -Vlaska Salmon Co 



NorthwestQin Fisheries Co. 
Pacific American Fisheries. 

Red Salmon Canning Co 

Midniglit Sun Packing Co. . 



Nushagak and Koggiung 

Nushagak (2), Koggiung (2), 

Naknek (3), and Ugaguk. 
Nushagak 



Wood River . 
Kvicbak.... 

Nushagak 



1,731 



3,305 

1,018 

311 

"sio' 



Naknek 

Koggiung, Lockonock, Nush- 
agak, and Ugaguk. 

Nushagak 

Port Moller 

Ugashik 

Kotzebue Sound i 



1.39 
933 



22,409 

13, 707 

4,850 
235 

7,652 

505 
3,643 



5,995 
201 



1,216 



87, 176 
736,234 

82,688 

33,523 
62,445 
55,141 

98,052 
218,995 

45,877 
44, 150 
41,094 



Total. 



6,022' 



54,217 



7,927 



1,505,375 



I No salmon packed. 
Recapitulation Alaska canned salmon pack, 1913. 





Kings. 


Reds. 


Medium Reds. 


Districts 


1-pound 
tails. 


J-pound 
flats (8 
dozen). 


1-pound 

tails. 


1-pound 

flats. 


J-pound 

flats (8 
dozen). 


1-poimd 
tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 


i-pound 

flats (8 
dozen). 


Western Alaska 

Central Alaska 

Southeast Alaska 


16,551 
15, 393 

896 


1,217 


1,412,665 
359,295 
146,001 


2,762 


4,014 
4,958 
19,818 


6,022 
13,284 
53,912 










110 


14, 866 


72i 


3,438 


Total 


32,840 


1,327 


1,917,961 


17,628 


28, 790 


73,218 


721 


3,438 







20 UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 

Recapitulation Alaska canned salmon pack, 1913 — Continued. 





Pinks. 


Chums. 


Total 

(full 

cases). 


Districts. 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 


J-pound . 
flats (8 
dozen). 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 


J-pound 
flats (8 
dozen). 




54,217 

49,299 

1,274,070 






7,927 

5,038 

248, 196 






1,505,375 












447, 267 


Southeast Alaska 


4,766 


20,564 


5,668 


825 


1, 793, 851 






Total 


1,377,586 


4,766 


20,564 


261,161 


5,668 


825 


3,746,493 







Alaska Packers' Association salmon pack, 1913. 





Sockeyes. 


Reds (1- 
pound 
tails). 


Springs 

pound 
tails). 


Medi- 
um reds 

(1- 
pound 

tails). 


Pinks (1- 
pound 

taUs). 


Chums 

(^■. 
pound 

tails). 


Total 

(fuU 

cases). 


District. 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-pound 

flats. 


^pound 

flats (S 
dozen). 


Bristol Bay 








707,389 

131,890 

4,097 


3,131 
7,632 


3,305 
5,796 
2,019 


22, 409 

10, 664 

187,307 


"i,'926' 
28,117 


* 736,234 


Central Alaska 








157,902 


Southeastern Alaska. 








221,540 












Total, Alaska.. 








843,376 


10,763 


11,120 
141 


220,380 
126,030 


30,037 
27 


1, 115, 676 


Puget Sound 


204,056 


20,490 


37,995 


388, 739 








Grand total.... 


204,056 


20,490 


37,995 


843,376 


10, 763 


11,261 


346,410 


30, 064 


1,504,415 



Northwestern Fisheries Co. salmon pack, 1913. 





Kings, 

1-poiind 

tails. 


Reds. 


Medium reds. 


Pinks, 

1-pound 

tails. 


Chums, 

1-pound 

tails. 


Total 
full casoa. 


District. 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 




3, .362 

4,010 

26 


34,746 

106, 386 

5,838 




923 
2,036 
3,189 






5,876 1 44.907 








16,092 
109,839 


1,483 
10,969 


130,007 


Southeast Alaska 


6,834 


iis 


136,813 


Total . . . 


7,398 


146,970 


6,834 


6,148 


118 


125,931 


18,328 


311,727 







North Alaska Salmon Co. pack, 1913. 





Springs, 

1-pound 

tails. 


Reds. 


Medium 
reds, 

l-pound 
tails. 


Pinks, 

l-pound 

tails. 




Location. 


l-pound 
tails. 


l-pound 
flats. 


l-pound 

flats, 
S dozen. 


Total 
full cases. 


Nushagak 


1,249 


36,359 
74,034 
74,338 
28,391 


216 




139 


3,242 
173 


41,205 




596 


74,803 








74,338 




30 








228 


28,649 












Total 


1,279 


213,122 


216 


596 


139 


3,643 


218,995 







UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 
Gorman & Co. salmon pack, 1913. 



21 





Reds, Sockeyes. 


Medium reds, Cohoes. 


District. 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 


J-pound 

flats, 
8 dozen. 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 


^pound 

flats, 
8 dozen. 




1,764 
53, 684 


1,137 

26,608 


660 
13, 247 


1,873 
196 


217 
10, 207 


182 










Total 


55,448 


27,745 


13,907 


2,069 


10,424 


182 









Pinks. 


Chums. 


Total, 


District. 


1-poimd 
tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 


J-pound 

flats, 
8 dozen. 


1-pound 
tails. 


i-pound 

flats, 
8 dozen. 


fuU 

cases. 




85,300 
58,090 


586 
8,075 


6,082 


23,094 
11,115 


66 


120,961 




181,222 










Total '. 


143,390 


8,661 


6,082 


34,209 


66 


302,183 







Puget Sound canned salmon pack; official P. S. S. C. A. figures, 1913. 



Name. 



Cannery loca- 
tion. 



Springs. 



Sockeyes. 



Medium Reds. 



O 03 o 

OhC73 



Apex Fish Co 

Astoria & P. S. Canning 

Co. j 

Ainsworth & Dunn 

Alaska Packers' Associa- \ 

tion. 



Blaine Packing Co 

Bellingham Canning Co... 

Coast Fish Co 

Carlisle Packing Co 

Everett Packing Co 

Friday Harbor Packing 

Co. 
Fidalgo Island Packing 

Co. 
Gorman & Co 



Anacortes . . 
Chuckanut. 



George & Barker Co., The. 

Hodgson & Graham 

Hidden Inlet Canning Co. 
Key City Packing Co 



Lummi Bay Packing Co.. 

Pacific American Fish- 
eries. 

San Juan Fishery & Pack- 
ing Co. 

Seattle Packing Co. (float- 
ing cannery). 

Sims, E. A 



Sinclair Island Caiming 
Co. 

Smiley & Co., J.L 

San Juan Canning Co 



Shaw Island Canning Co. 
West Coast Packing Co.. 
Welding & Ind. Fish Co. 
(floating cannery). 



Total. 



Blaine 

Semiahmoo, 
Point Rob- 
erts, Ana- 
cortes. 

Blaine 

Bellingham... 

Anacortes 

Village Point.. 

Everett 

Friday Har- 
bor. 

Anacortes 



A naco^tes, \. 

Port Ange- i 

les. 
Point Roberts.'. 
Richardson. . .]. 

....do |. 

Port Town- |. 

send. i 

Lummi Island 
Bellingham, 

Anacortes. : 
Seattle I . 



37,000 
30, 168 



56, 894 
204,056 



30,485 
46,030 
33,658 
39, 696 
14,000 
32,751 

38, 403 

53,684 



26,800 
14, 870 

35,500 
20,490 



18,371 
9,783 

23, 197 
7,600 

12,065 

28, 140 
26,608 



22 
332 



3 

515 



Lopez Island. . 

Port Town- 
send. 

Sinclair Is- 
land. 

Blaine 

Friday Har- 
bor. 

Shaw Island . . 

Blaine 

Seattle 



12,883 18,350 
7,733 6,193 
11,000 

45,168 ' 

I 
26,296 ' 22,931 
72,457 ; 180, 528 



32,600 

3,778 

39, 137 

12,080 



113,550 
9,954 

9,983 
37,995 



2,445 
3,431 
5,114 
22, 689 
3,850 
8,656 

17,255 

13, 247 



15,075 



1,106 
270 

964 



2,727 



295 
5,886 
1,203 
6,000 

4 

70 
196 



2,369 



1,000 



1,000 



1,043 
10, 207 

2,912 



2,850 

6,804 
20, 297 



512 
1,283 



1,231 
16, 865 



13 

1,001 



38, 235 
20,540 



17, 400 
10,987 



1,900 



323 



17,000 



10, 106 
5,250 



15, 100 



5,350 
4,850 
1,803 



716 518 967,119 485,426 220,554 20,440 38,354 



2,22» 



I Includes 5,000 cases i-potmd flats. 



22 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHEEIES. 



Puget Sound canned salmon pack; official P. S. S. C. A. figures, 1913 — Continued. 





Camiery loca- 
tion. 


Pinks. 


Chums. 


1? 


Name. 


If 


1 ■ 

O 03 




73 


O C3 


03 .!i 




Anacortes 

Chuckanut 


56,000 
80,958 
34, 699 
126, 030 

3,905 
31,513 
37,671 
42, 115 
13,500 
33, 190 
19,924 
58, 090 

16,651 
3,102 
2,500 
24,292 
23, 905 
150,955 

6,440 










134,534 


Astoria & P. S. Canning Co 


489 


1,668 


5,995 


104 


97,229 
138, 040 




Semiahmoo, 
Point Rob- 
erts, Anacor- 
tes. 

Blaine 

Bellingham 

Anacortes 

Village Point 

Everett 






27 




388,598 








36, 847 




""WY 

710 


12 

""5,'050' 
1,050 






99, 652 


Coast Fish Co 


11,839 


1,967 


108, 704 




134,935 


Everett Packing Co... 


11,000 




59,000 


Friday Harbor Packing Co 

Fidalgo Island Packing Co 

Gorman & Co 


Friday Harbor. . 

Anacortes 

.\nacortes. Port 

Angeles. 
Point Roberts... 

Richardson 

. ...do 


86,666 






209 
11,115 

665 





105, 110 


8,075 




181, 222 




67, 336 


Hodgson & Graham 


737 




17, 765 








16,350 


Key Citv Packing Co 


Port Townsend. 
Lummi Island . . 
Bellingham, An- 
acortes. 










70, 068 




1,282 
5,457 


395 
4,718 


1,731 
4,349 




85,125 


Pacific American Fisheries 


458, 757 
39, 790 


Seattle Packing Co. (floating 

cannery). 
Sims, E. A 












5,678 


Port To^vnsep.d. 
Sinclair Island . . 


15,538 
2,975 

18,300 
1,700 






924 




55, 922 


Sinclair Island Canning Co 






25, 161 






115 




79,070 




Friday Harbor . . 






22,240 






50 






5,400 


West Coast Packing Co 












37, 350 


Welding & Ind. Fish Co. (float- 


Seattle 


7, 823 


■::::::::::.; 


6, 131 


54 


26,914 


ing cannery). 










Total 


761, 776 


17, 167 


12,943 


54, 100 


2,125 


2,583,463 









Pack of canned salmon on Puget Sound from 1887 to 1913, by species. 



Year. 



Number 
of can- 
neries. ■ 



Spring. 



Sockeve. 



Cases. 



Value. Cases. 



Value. 



Medium red. 



Cases. 



Value. 



1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 
1894. 
.1895. 
1896. 
1 837. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913 . 



240 
1,000 

382 

86 

1,200 



1,542 
13, 495 
9,500 

ii,2ro 

24, 364 

22, 350 

30,049 

14,500 

14,441 

1,804 

8,139 

1,814 

95,210 

13,019 

10,064 

21,823 

20, 252 

1,234 



$1, 200 

5,000 

2,101 

473 

6,480 



7,325 

67, 475 

39, 045 

50, 624 

103, 180 

134, 100 

150, 245 

72, 500 

69, 352 

9, 922 

48, 834 

16,326 

666,470 

72,604 

60,324 

172,582 

101,706 

5,247 



5,538 

2,954 

47, 852 

41,781 

65,143 

72,979 

312,048 

252, 000 

499, 646 

229, SOU 

372, 301 

167, 211 

109,264 

825, 453 

178, 748 

93,122 

170, 951 

1,097,904 

248,014 

127,761 

184, 680 

1,673,099 



.$24,921 

11,816 

103,371 

188,014 

273, 108 

350, 299 

1,248,192 

1,058,400 

2, 368, 334 

1,149,000 

2,047,655 

1,003,260 

653,871 

4, 952, 718 

1,251,236 

698, 416 

1,196,657 

6,183,300 

1,673,095 

1,168,145 

1,660,173 

10,871,178 



7,480 

3, 000 

5,869 

7,206 

11,812 

22,418 

50,865 

82,640 

91,900 

98, 6C0 

111,387 

128, 2C0 

85, 817 

103, 450 

118,127 

79,335 

94,497 

119,472 

128,922 

143,133 

162, 755 

256, 124 

149, 727 

61,019 



S37, 400 
15,000 
19, 368 
24, 500 
59, 060 
89, 672 
154,218 
264,448 
282, 133 
335, 240 
418,176 
512,800 
429, 085 
413,800 
447, 851 
337,174 
472, 485 
476,288 
644, 922 
630,446 
895, 153 
1,591,185 
365, 534 
235, 372 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 23 

Pack of canned salmon on Paget Sound from 1887 to 19tS by species — Continued. 



Year. 


Clinm. 


Pink. 


Total. 


Cases. 


Value. 


Cases. 


Value. 


Cases. 


Value. 


1887 










22,000 

21,975 

11,674 

8,000 

20,529 

26,426 

89,'331 

9,5,400 

179,968 

195,664 

494,026 

400, 200 

919,611 

469,450 

1,380,590 

581,659 

478,488 

291,488 

1,018,641 

430, 602 

698, 080 

448,765 

1,632,949 

567,883 

1,-5.57,029 

416, 125 

2,583,463 




1888 










$126,356 


1889 . . . 


1,145 
4,000 
3,093 
16, 180 
11,380 
22, 152 
■ 38,785 
26, 550 
23,310 
38, 400 
31,481 
89, 100 


$3,435 
12,000 
10,825 
56, 630 
31,295 
60,918 
94, 741 
73,013 
64, 103 

105,600 
86,427 

245,025 


2,809 


$7, 584 


49,619 


1890. 


32,000 


1891 


5,647 


15,246 


72,461 


1892 


93,419 


1893. 


17,530 

9,049 

23, 633 


47,331 
24,432 
62,556 


247,537 


1894 


363,036 


1895 


591,948 


1896. 


755,235 


1897 

1898 - ... 


57,268 


171,804 


1,805,277 
1,549,864 


1899. 


2.52,7.33 


734,241 


3,710,358 


1900 


1,940,925 


1901 








1902 


93,492 
12,001 
49,656 
41,057 
149,218 
50, 249 
47,607 
53,688 
146, 942 
104,321 
60, 760 
56, 225 


467,460 
30,002 
124,254 
102, 643 
708, 781 
150,847 
142,821 
128,916 
514,297 
392, 122 
154, 193 
124, 970 






3,094,445 


1903 


' 181,326 


407, 984 


1,927,546 


1904 


1,295,328 


1905 


70, 992 


212,976 


5,615,433 


1906 


2,481,336 


1907 


433,423 

6,075 

370, 993 

108 

] , 046, 992 

700 

791, 886 


1,300,269 

18,225 

902,342 

388 

4, .302, 344 

2,185 

2,092,401 


2,642,146 


1908. 


2, 669, 095 


1909. 


7,917,608 


1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 


3,143,256 
7,727,524 
2,283,791 
13,329,168 



Recapitulation, canned salmon pack outside rivers, 1913. 





Chinooks. 


Bluebacks. 


Silversides. 


Districts. 


1-pound 
tails. . 


1-pound 

flats. 


impound 
" flats, 
8 dozen 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 


J-pound 

flats, 
8 dozen. 


1-pound 

tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 


i-pound 
' flats, 
8 dozen. 


Washington coast 


2,052 
2,775 


355 
2,705 
3,897 


193 
1,500 
2,479 


13,458 


5,778 


3,381 


11,150 
12,861 


3,040 
9,853 


2,520 
11,422 


























Total 


4,827 


6,957 


4,172 


13,458 


5,778 


3,381 


24,011 


12,893 


13,942 








Pinks. 


Chums. 


Steel- 
heads, 
1-pound 

tails. 


Total 


Districts. 


1-pound 

tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 


i-pound 
" flats, 
8 dozen. 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-pound 

flats. 


full 
cases. 




4,141 


159 


177 


16, 104 
1,245 


236 
80 


600 


63,344 






42,441 












6,376 


















Total 


4.141 


159 


177 


17,349 


316 


600 


112,161 











1 














— 





24 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 
Columbia River canned salmon pack, 1913. 





Cannery location. 


Steelheads. 


Columbia River chi- 
nooks, fancy. 


Company. 


1-pound 
talis. 


1-pound 
flat. 


J-pound 
flat, 8 
dozen. 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-pound 
flats. 


^pound 
flats, 8 
dozen. 


Altoona Packing Co 


-Vltoona, Wash 






550 


275 

3,878 

18,042 

1,446 
2,092 

6,115 
150 




3,600 

5,443 

2 2,320 

3,966 
11,754 

3,654 
6,161 
6,967 
6,398 
11,022 

8,780 


4,880 










8,015 


Columbia River Pkrs. Assn... 

Megler, J. G., & Co 

McGowan, P. J., & Sons 

Pillar Rock Packing Co 

Sanborn-Cutting Co 

Seuflert Bros. Co 


Astoria, Oreg.; Rooster 

Rock, Oreg. 
Brookfleld, Wash 




817 


413 


2,254 
7,512 

5,193 
7,450 

4,857 


Warrendale, Oreg.; 11- 

waco, Wash. 
Pillar Rock, Wash 




532 


1,305 










The Dalles, Oreg 


280 


1,630 


225 


Tallant-Grant Packing Co 

Union Fishermen's Co-op. 

Packing Co. 
Warren Packing Co 


1,328 


.. .do 








4,843 
1,081 


9,346 
5, 753 


Warrendale, Oreg.; 
Cathlamet, Wash. 


8.57 


806 


1,524 


Total 


1.137 


3,785 


4,017 


27,922 


70,065 


56,588 











Colvunbia River chi- 
nooks, standard. 


Silverside 


3. 


Blue- 
backs, 
i-pound 

flats, 8 
dozen. 


Chums. 


Total 


Company. 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-pound 

flats. 


|-pound 
flats, S 
dozen. 


l-poimd 

tails. 


1-poimd 
flats. 


^poimd 
flats, S 
dozen. 


1-pound 
tails. 


|-pound 
flats, 8 
dozen. 


(full 
cases) . 


Altoona Packing Co. 






1,490 






215 
2,435 

656 
1,434 

1,910 


115 
3,721 
1,854 






11, 125 


Booth Fisheries Co.. 






133 

1,579 
3,163 

2,124 


180 

3,972 
2,750 

404 


133 

7,603 
2,642 

1.8.50 


13 


20, 217 


Columbia RiverPkrs. 
Assn 




26, 229 


8,564 


63,929 
17, 655 


Megler, J. G^&Co.. 




McGowan, P. J., & 
Sons 


816 




103 


32,256 


Pillar Rock Packing 
Co 




14,962 


Sanborn-Cutting Co. 








1,250 
952 


4,600 
2,932 

1,500 

3,070 


2,950 
1,222 


700 




23,261 


Seuffert Bros. Co 








1,582 




20, 647 


Tallant-Grant Pack- 
ing Co 














9,226 


Union Fishermen's 
Co-op. Packing Co. 








1,236 


208 
94 








29,725 


Warren Packing Co. 




339 




3,880 


253 


109 


23, 476 










Total 


816 


26,568 


10, 157 


10,437 


19, 408 


11, 124 


11,152 


13, 181 


122 


266, 479 







I Includes both fancy and standard. 



2 Ovals. 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 25 

Pack of canned salmon on the Columbia River from the inception of the industry to 191-3. 



Year. 


Number 
of can- 
neries. 


Chinook. 


Blueback. 


Silversides. 


Cases. 


Value. 


Cases. 


Value. 


Cases. 


Value. 


1878 


30 
30 
29 

28 
21 
21 
22 
24 
24 
24 
24 
24 
22 
23 
17 
16 
14 
16 
20 
19 
19 
19 
14 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 














1879 














1880 














1888 














1889 


266,697 
335,604 
353, 907 
344,267 
288, 773 
351,106 
444, 909 
370,943 
432, 753 
329,566 
255,824 
262,392 
270, 580 
301,762 
320, 378 
327, 106 
311,334 
258,433 
210,096 
162,131 
244,285 
405,862 
220,317 
192,116 


$1,600,182 
1,946,087 
2,038,566 
1,996,388 
1,559,374 
1,895,976 
2,428,658 
1,840,511 
1,804,221 
1,490,394 
1,458,175 
1,821,258 
1,428,743 
1,610,614 
1,944,690 
1,962,636 
1,868,007 


17,797 

57,345 

15,482 

66,547 

30,459 

43,814 

18,015 

16,983 

12,972 

66,670 

23,969 

13,162 

17,037 

8,383 

12,911 

7,768 

7,816 

5,504 

8,581 

•27,908 

6,234 

5,988 

8,210 

11,152 


$101,051 

290,069 

284,242 

372,909 

152,295 

224,430 

86, 523 

81,518 

51,888 

300,015 

134,723 

92,184 

86,465 

42,867 

78,048 

46,608 

54,712 






1S90 






1891 






1892.. .. 


4 176 


«9fi ssn 


1893 


29' 107 1 lie' 428 


1894 


42' 758 1 171 '032 


1895 


99 601 329 683 


1896 


44' 108 ' 141' M^ 


1897 


60, 8.- 
65, 431 
29,608 
44,925 
10.532 
12,181 
31,254 
26,826 
41,446 
31,757 
31,432 
42, 178 
68,922 
79,416 
31,842 
40,969 


197,762 


]898 


222 465 


1899 


112,055 
202 163 


1900 . . . 


1902 


44 732 


1903 


49^ 869 


1904 


118 357 


1905 


114,011 


1906 


124,338 


1907 




1908 








1909.'. 


1,203,546 
1,882,137 
2, 204, 185 
1,988,526 
1,664,670 


214,561 
34,287 
47,904 
85,384 
93,677 


185,070 
363 688 


1910 


1911 


549, 478 


1912 


177, 248 


1913 


175 412 







Year. 


Dog or chmn. 


Steelhead trout. 


Total. 


Cases. 


Value. 


Cases. 


Value. 


Cases. 


Value. 


1866 










4,000 
18,000 
28,000 
100,000 
150,000 
200,000 
250,000 
250,000 
350,000 
375,000 
450,000 
380,000 
460,000 
480,000 
530,000 
550,000 


$64,000 


1867 










288, 000 


1868 










392, 000 


1869 








1,350,000 


1870 








1,800,000 


1871 










2,100,000 
2,325,000 


1872 










1873 










2,250,000 


1874 










2,625,000 


1875 










2,250,000 


1876 










2,475,000 


1877 










2,052,000 


1878 











2, 300, 000 


1879 










2,640,000 


1880 










2,650,000 


1881 










2,475,000 


1882 










541,300 
629, 400 
620,000 
553,800 
448,500 
356, 000 
372,477 
309,885 


2,600,000 


1883 










3,147,000 


1884 










2,915,000 


1885 










2, 500, 000 


1886 




, 






2,135,000 


1887 










2,124,000 


1888 










2,234,862 


1889 






25,391 
42,825 
29,564 
72,348 
65, 226 
52,422 
49,678 
49,663 
46, 146 
26,277 
11,994 
20,597 


$108, 587 


1,809,820 


1890 






171,300 
118,156 
288,892 
260, 904 


435, 774 
398,953 


2, 407, 456 


1891 






2. 440. 964 


1892 






487,338 2; 679, 069 


1893 


2,311 


$6,933 


415.876 2.095.934 


1894 


209,688 ! 490,100 2,501,126 


1895 


22,493 


62,591 


203,542 ' 634,696 3,110,997 


1896 


198,652 1 481,697 2,261,826 


1897 






165,410 ! 552,721 2,219,311 


1898 . 






60,352 487,944 2,073,226 


1899. .. 


11,379 
17,696 


33,836 
63,706 


39,186 332,774 1,777,975 


1900 


102,985 358,772 2,282,296 


1901 




390,183 1,942,660 
317,143 1,644.509 


1902 


10,401 
10,000 
20,693 
25, 751 


41,604 
37, 500 
52, 691 
65, 206 


8,593 
7,251 
9,868 
9,822 


42,96.5 


1903 


.36,255 ! 339,577 1,777,105 


1904 .. . 


48,892 : 395,104 2,242,678 


1905 


49,110 I 397,273 2,2:57,571 



1 Of these, 2,846 cases, valued at $23,203, were packed vit)i Sockeyes brought from Puget Sound. 



26 



UNITED STATES- CANADA FISHERIES. 



Pack of canned salmori on the Columbia River from the inception of the industnj to 

J9i5— Continued. 



Year. 


Dog or chum. 


Steelhead troCt. 


Total. 


Cases. 


Value. 


Cases. 


Value. 


Cases. 


Value. 


1906 


27,802 
22,556 
16,884 
24,542 
66,538 
53,471 
18, 699 
13,303 


69, 505 


6,500 
5,921 
10, 726 
17, 283 
5,436 
8,594 
6,958 
8, 939 


32, 500 


394,898 
324, 171 
253,341 
1274,087 
391,415 
543,331 
285,666 
266, 479 


2,149,062 


1907 


1, 763, 490 


1908 






• 1,380,708 


1909 


57,115 
232, 883 
203, 198 
46,590 
29, 486 


99, 796 
31,203 
47,399 
22, 108 
49, 142 


1,760,088 


1910 


2,544,198 


1911 


3,0.52,164 


1912 


2,319,856 


1913 


2,012,387 






Total.... 










17,512,344 


99, 125, 174 














55 cases of Humpbacks, valued at $132, were also packed with Humpbacks brought from Puget Sound. 
Washington coast canned salmon pack, 1913. 





Cannery location. 


Chinooks. 


Bluebacks. 


Name. 


1-pound 

tails. 


1-pound 

flats. 


i-pound 

flats, 8 
dozen. 


1-pound 

taUs. 


1-pound 

flats. 


i-pound 
flats, 8 
dozen. 


F. C. Barnes & Co 




59 


























Fisherman's Co-op. Pkg. Co.i. 
Grays Harbor Packing Co.'' . 


do 














do 














Hoquiam Packing Co 


Hoquiam 


263 






202 


2,865 


1,003 


Kurtz, W W 








492 


Moclips Canning Co.' 


.do 


















125 81 










Pacific Fisheries & Pkg. Co. . . 


Aberdeen 


673 


124 


193 


13, 256 


2,913 


1,666 


Do.i 






Superior Trading Co 




932 


150 








220 


AVfllapa Harbor Fisli Co 














j 










Total 


2, 052 355 


193 


13,458 


5,778 


3,881 















Silversides. 


Pinks. . 


Chums. 


Steel- 
heads, 
1-poimd 

tails. 


Total 
(full 

cases) . 


Name. 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-poimd 

flats. 


i-pound 
flats, 8 
dozen. 


1-pound 
talis. 


1-pound 

flats. 


J-pomid 
flats, 8 
dozen. 


1-pound 
tails. 


1-pound 

flats. 


F.C. Barnes & Co... 


180 
730 


'""396" 


283 
521 








3,900 






4,422 


Elmore Packing Co . 








1,133 




2,774 


Fisherman's Co-op. 
Pkg. Co.i 












Grays Harbor Pack- 
ing Co. 2 






















Hoquiam Packing 
Co 


1,054 
5,818 


315 
997 


""'29i' 


530 












6,232 

7, 598 


Kurtz, W. W 












Moclips Canning Co.' 
















Morse Canning Co. . . 


690 
698 


350 

988 











20 
. 7,081 


8 
228 




i,274 


Pacific Fisheries & 
Pkg. Co 


1,025 


3,611 


159 


177 


32 792 


Do.i 




Superior Trading Co. 


1,680 
300 












670 
3,300 




600 


4,252 
4,000 


Willapa HarborFish 
Co 




400 






















Total 


11,150 


3,040 


2,520 


4,141 


159 


177 


14,971 


1,369 


600 


63 344 




' 



Not operated in 1913. 



2 Included in Elmore Packing Co. 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 
Salmon fleet, 1913. 



27 



Vessel. 


Rig. 


Net 
ton- 
nage. 


Company. 


Sails from— 


To- 


Abner Coburn 

.\cme 


Shin 

. do 


1,878 

2,987 

37 

73 

320 

1,073 

2,013 

1,410 

1,528 

45 

390 

1,731 

1, 138 

98 

911 

42 

113 

l,(iS0 

2,107 

1, 430 

107 

1,939 

1.88 

710 

430 

1,413 

1,030 

58 

8 

610 

1,475 

1,271 

119 

1,312 

40 

82 

478 

1,550 

1,353 

1,564 

93 

292 

229 

1,444 

1,601 

29 

1,453 

101 

1,495 

1,461 

1,554 

874 

1,705 

1, 430 

1,514 

1,974 

1,987 

1,856 

1,247 

1,474 

3,006 

976 

1,981 

2,146 

2,987 

1,757 

1,090 

1,687 

i;824 

385 

1,671 

56 

158 

746 

1,820 


Libby, McNeill & Libby 

Alaska Packers' -Association. . . 
do 


Seattle 

Bellingham . . . 
San Francisco . 
do 


Kenai. 
Bristol Bay. 
Wrangell. " 


.Vfognak 


Steamer.. . 
...do 


.Vlitak 


do . . 


Annie Larsen 


Schooner. . 

Ship 

...do 

...do. 


Olson Bros 


do 


Bristol Bay. 


.\. J. Fuller 


N. W. Fisheries Co 


Seattle 

San Francisco . 
Portland 

San Francisco. 

... .do 

... .do 


TTyak. 


Renj. F. Packard... 
Berlin 


Alaska Packers Association 

Alaska-Portland Packers' As- 
sociation. 
Alaska Packers' Association . . . 

N. Alaska Salmon Co 

P.M.Nelson 


Chignik. 
Nusliagak. 

Bristol Bay. 


Bohemia 


...do.. 


Bonita 


Gas str 

Schooner . . 

Ship 

Barken- 
tine. 

Steamer.. . 

Barge 

Tug 

Gas str 

Bark 

...do 

...do 


V.A. Thayer 


Bristol Bay. 


('has. E. Moodj' 

Centenninl 


Alaska Packers' -vssociation. . . 
do 


Seattle 

San Francisco. 

do 


Knnai. 
Bristol Bay. 

Wrangell. 
Taku . 


''hilkat 


do 


l>ashia£; Wave 


TaknC. & C. S. Co 


Seattle 

do 


Equator 


N. W. Fisheries Co 


Chignik. 


Expansion 


N . .-Vlaska Salmon Co 


San Francisco . 
do 


Bristol Bay. 


Geo. Curtiss 


do 


Do. " 


Kmily V. Whitney.. 
Guv 0. Goss 


^Alaska Salmon Co... 


do 


Nushagak. 


N. W. Fisheries Co 


Seattle 

San Francisco . 

Seattle 

do 


Do. 


(5eo. F. Haller. . 


Steamer... 

Barge 

Brig 

Bark 

Schooner. . 

Ship 

.. .do 


N. Alaska Salmon Co. . . 


Bristol Bay. 


i ilory of the Seas 


Glacier i is'ieries Co 


S. E. Alaska. 


Harriett G 


Port Heiden Packing Co 


Port Heiden. 




N. W. Fisheries Co 


.do 




ITenry Wilson 

Indiana 


N. AlasVa Salmon Co 

Alaska Packers' Association . . 
N. W. Fisheries Co 


San Francisco. 

Seattle 

do 


Bristol Bay. 
Do. ■ 


■). D. Peters 




Kadiak 

Karluk.. 


Steamer... 
...do 


Alaska Packers' Association... 
do 


San Francisco, 
.do 


Bristol Bay. 




...do 

Bark 

Ship 

Steamer... 

S'lip 

Steamer... 

...do 


do 


.. .do.. .. 




1 evi G. Burgess 

lewelljn J. Morse.. 
I.ehua 


Alaska- Portland Packers' As- 
sociation. 
-Maska Packers' -Vssociation.. . 

Red Salmon C. Co 

L . A . Pedei'sen 


Portland 

San T'rancisco. 

do 

.do . . 


Do. 

Bristol Bay. 
Naknek. 


McLaurm 


Bristol Bay. 


North King 


Alaska-Portland Packers' As- 
sociation. 

Libby, I>rcNeill & Libby 

Alaska Packers' Association . . 
N. Alaska Salmon Co 


Portland 

Seattle 

San Francisco- 
.do 


Nushagak. 


North Star -.. 


Do. 


Nushagak .... 


...do 


Do. 


Oriental 


Bark 

...do 


Bristol Ba^- 


Olympic 


do 


do 


Do. 


Pactolus 


...do.. 


Naknek Packing Co. 


do 


Do. 


Philip F. Kelley.... 


Steamer... 
Schooner. . 
...do. . 


Geo. T. Myers & Co 


Seattle 

Port Townsend 
San Francisco. 
do 


Chatham. 


Premier 


Alaska Packers' Association . . 
do 


Bristol Bay 


Prosper..., 


Do. 


Paramita 


Bark 

Ship 

Steamer... 

Ship 

Steamer... 

Ship 

...do.. . 


L. A. Pedersen 


Do. 


Reucc 


Colo. River Packers' Ass'n 

Alaska Packers' Association . . 
do 


Astoria 

San Francisco. 
do 


Chignik. 


Sannak 


Naknek. 


Santa Clara.. . 


Kvichak. 


Shelikol' 


N. W. Fisheries Co 


Seattle 

San Francisco. 
Semiahmoo . . . 
San Francisco. 
do 


Uyak. 


Sintram . . 


Naknek Packing Co 


Naknek. 


Standard . . . 


N. Alaska Salmon Co 


Bristol Bay 


Star of Alaska 


...do 


Alaska Packers' Association . . 
do . . 


Chignik. 


Star of Chile 


Bark 

...do 

...do 

Ship 

Bark 

...do 

.do 


E-gegak. 


Star of England 


do 


do 


Kvichak. 


.. ..do 


do 


Alitak. 




do 


...do 


Naknek. 




do 


do 


Wrangell. 


Star of Holland 


. .do ... . . . 


....do 


Karluk. 




do 


do 


Nushagak. 




do 


..do 


....do 


Ugashik. 




Ship 

...do 

Bark 

Ship 

...do 

...do 

...do 


do 


.do 


Naknek. 


Star of Lapland 

Star of Peru 


.. ..do 


do 


I/Oring. 


do .. 


.do 


Kvichak. 




do 


do 


Cooks Inlet. 


Star of Scotland 


. .do 


....do 


Karluk. 




do 


.do 


Naknek. 




Libby, McNeill & Libby 

Red Salmon C. Co 


Seattle 

San Francisco. 

.\storia 

Seattle 

San Francisco. 
do 


Nushagak. 




Bark 

Ship 

, .do 


Do. 


St. Nicholas 

St Paul • 


Col. River Packers' Ass'n 

N. W. Fisheries Co 


Do. 

Nelsons La- 


Salvator 


Schooner. . 

Ship 

Steamer... 
do 


Libby, McNejll & Libby 

Alaska Packers' Association . . 
Alaska Salmon Co 


goon. 
Nushagak. 
Orca. 


Thistle 


do 


Wood River. 




Alaska Packers' Association... 

Libby, McNeill & Libby 

Am. Pac. Fisheries 


do 


Karluk. 


W. B. Flint 


Bark 

Steamer... 


Seattle 

Bellingham . . . 


Port Moller. 
Bristol Bay. 









28 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 

PufJ: of British Columbia salmon, season 191L 





Sockeyes. 


Names. 


p3 


•a 

S M 


«2« 


1^ 

5^° 


§1 
5:° 


2 s 


3 



Fraser River District: 

B.C. Packers ' Association 


122,230 
22, 896 
7,100 
11,008 
5,000 
4,033 
3,098 
3, 158 
3,365 
5,597 
1,672 


75,283 

32, 803 

9,300 

10,118 

15,920 

9,.875 

5,553 

5,108 

7,459 

8, 750 

15,420 

22, 815 

1,929 


72,866 

28,517 

10, 600 

32, 709 

14,811 

11,748 

4,769 

7,444 

11,312 

10,790 

7,546 

5,198 

12,398 

11,415 

9,165 




1,507 
3,482 


'"964' 


271, 886 


ABC Packing Co. (Ltd.) 


88,602 
27,000 


J. H. Todd & Sons 










53,835 


B. C. Canning Co. (Ltd.) 








35,731 
25,656 


St. Mungo Canning Co. (Ltd.) 








The Glen Rose Canning Co. (Ltd.).... 
Great West Packing Co. (Ltd.) 




581 




14,001 
•15,710 


M. DesBrisav & Co 








22, 136 


Scottish Can. Canning Co. (Ltd.) 








25, 137 


Jervis Inlet Can. Co. (Ltd.) 








24, 638 


Kildala Packing Co. (Ltd.) . .. 


■" ::: 




28,013 


Gosse-Millard Can. Co. (Ltd.) 


3,193 








17,520 
11,415 










English Fisheries (Ltd.) 


10,143 4,668 








23, 316 












Total . . . . 


202, 493 


224, 341 < 


251,288 




5,570 


904 


684, 596 






Skeena River District: 


472 


1,755 
2,083 


9,566 
5,114 
3, 725 
6,309 
4,023 
2 968 


962 


1,499 




14,254 
7,197 


A. B. C. Packing Co. (Ltd.) 


J. H. Todd & Sons 


890 








4,615 


Kildala Packing Co. (Ltd.) 










6,309 


B. C. Canning Co. (Ltd.) 












4,023 


Skeena River Com. Co. (Ltd.) 












2,968 


Cassiar Packing Co. (Ltd.) 


14 




4,254 
5,649 








4,268 




1,644 
2,000 








7,293 
2,000 


CanadianFish&ColdStorageCo.(Ltd.) 






















Totals . .. 


1,376 


7,482 


41,608 


962 


1,499 




52, 927 






Rivers Inlet district: 




6,054 


17, 433 
6,603 
6, 200 
7,263 
9,151 
7,085 








23, 487 


A. B. C. Packing Co (Ltd ) 


456 
1,500 








7,059 


J. H. Todd & Sons . 










7,700 


B.C. CarLninf' Co (Ltd ) 










7,263 


Kildala Packing Co. (Ltd.) 












9,151 














7,085 
















Total 


1,956 


6,054 


53,735 








61, 745 












Naas River District: 


774 

285 

2,357 




5,072 
5,795 
4,246 








5,846 


A. B. C. Packing Co. (Ltd.) 


4,934 








11,014 


Kincoleth Packing Co. (Ltd.) 




111 




6,714 








Total . . ... 


3,416 


4,934 


15,113 




111 




23,574 






Outlying districts: 


19, 105 




2,758 

520 

3,288 








21,863 


A. B. C. Packing Co. (Ltd.) 










520 


Kildala Packing Co. (Ltd.) 


732 
16,865 
3,330 
2,240 
2,000 
8,463 
1,546 
8,580 










4,020 


B. C. Carmmg Co. (Ltd.) (Victoria)... 










16, 865 


Clayoquot Sd. Can. Co. (Ltd.) 

Quathiaski Canning Co. (lAd.) 


... 








3,330 




700 








2,940 


T. II. Todd & Sons (Esquimalt) 

Wallace Fisheries (Ltd.) 


16,000 
9,691 


7,200 
20, 253 








35,200 








38, 407 


John Wallace. . 








1,546 


Jervis Inlet Canning Co. (Ltd.) 




2,220 

1,310 

24 








10,800 


E. Bella Bella Packing Co. (Ltd.) . 










1,310 


B. C. Fisheries (Ltd.) 


59 
2,302 
5,600 










83 


M. DesBrisay & Co 










2,302 


Dranev Fisheries (Ltd.) 




4,550 








10,150 














Total 


80, 822 


25,691 


42,823 








149,336 












Pistricts: 

Fra/er River 


202, 493 

1,376 

1,956 

3,416 

80,822 


224,341 

7,482 

6,054 

4,934 

25,691 


251 , 288 
41,608 
53,735 
15,113 
42,823 


"'962" 


5,570 
1,499 


904 


684,596 


Skeena River 


52,927 


Rivers Inlet 


61 , 745 


Naas River 




111 




23,574 


OutlyiQg 


149, 336 












Grand total 


290,063 


268, 502 


404,567 


962 


7,180 


904 


972,178 







UNITED STATES-CANADA FISIIEIilES. 29 

I'lifl of Brilish Cjlumhia mlmon, season 19 Id — Continued. 





Red Springs. 


While Springs. 


Chums. 


Names. 




•a 


■a 
a ^ 

O 53 






9 >/5 

ll 


O 03 


o 


!^3 


O 03 


"3 

o 


Fraser River Dist.: 
B. C. Packers' 
Assofiation 


1, 14.5 
151 


204 
75 


569 

56 
50 

29 




1,918 

282 
50 

141 

002 
178 

46 
30ii 

50 




49 


49 








A. B.C.Packmg 
Co. (Ltd.) 








J.H.Todd&Sons. 








2,000 
4,308 
5,370 




2,000 
4,308 
5 370 


Canadian Can- 
ning Co.(Ltd.). 


112 

002 










St. Miuigo Can- 
ning Co. (Ltd.) 








The Glen Rose- 
Can. Co. (Ltd.) 




178 

46 












Creat West Pack. 
Co. (Ltd.) 














M. DesBrisay & 

Co :.... 


306 
50 












i 
1 


Scottish Can. Can. 
Co. (Ltd.) 




















Jervis Inlet Can. 
Co. (Ltd.) 














10, 542 




10 542 






















Total 


2,366 


279 


928 




3,573 


! 49 


49 


22, 220 




22, 220 


Skeena River Dist.: 
B. C. Packers' 
Association 


8,148 

5,190 
1,400 

866 

460 

284 

3,72/ 


207 


806 
30 


1,017 


9,971 

5,427 
1,400 

866 

460 

284 

4,842 


828 

701 
200 


53 


828 

754 
200 








A. B. C. Packing 
Co. (Ltd.)..... 








J.H.Todd&Sons. 








B. C. CanningCo. 
(Ltd.) 














Skeena River 
Com.Co.(Ltd.) 








93 




9.S 








Cassiar Packing 
Co. (Ltd.) 














Wallace Fisher- 
ies (Ltd.) 


26 


1,089 




40 


1,271 


1,311 
















Total 


20, 075 


233 


1,925 


1,017 


23, 250 


1,862 


1,324 


3, 186 
















Rivers Inlet Dist.: 
B. C. Packers' 
Association 


50 


275 




325 
106 

66 
97 














A. B.C. Packing 

Co. (i.td.) 
Kildala Packing 

Co. Ltd.). . 


106 
















06 
97 
















Wallace Fish- 
eries (Ltd.) 




































Total. 


106 


50 


438 




594 




























Naas River DLst.: 
B. C. Packers' 
Association 


915 

1,406 

319 








915 

1 765 

319 


17 
97 


38 


17 
38 
97 








A. B C. Pack- 
ing Co. (Ltd.) 




359 










Kincoleth Pack- 
ing Co. (Ltd.) 


2,987 




2,987 












Total 


2, 640 




359 




2,999 


114 


38 


152 


2,987 




2.987 


Outlying districts: 
B. C. Packers' 


1,217 




104 




1,321 














A. B. C. Pack- 
ing Co. (Ltd.) 








3,809 


1,596 


5,465 


Kildala Packing 
Co. (Ltd.) 

B. C. Canning 
Co. ■ (Ltd.) 


405 








465 












^ 




18 




18 








Clayoquot Sound 
Canning Co. 
(Ltd ) 












1,327 

2,096 

26, 992 




1, 327 


Quathiaski Can- 
ning Co. (Ltd.) 

Wallace Fish- 
eries (Ltd.).... 

John Wallace 


20 

4,747 
60 








20 

4.770 
60 








2,096 




23 










26, 992 


2ii 




211 





30 UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHEKIES. 

Pack of British Columbia salmon, season of 191S — Continued. 





Red Springs. 


AVTiite Springs. 


Chums. 


Names. 




■9 
0.0 


al 


■a 

II 


"3 

O 


•a 

P 


■a 
o ca 


' 3 


-a 


1. 

a<s 


1 


Outlying districts- 
Continued. 
Jervis Inlet Can- 
ning Co. (Ltd.) 
E. Bella Bella 
Packing Co. 
(Ltd.) 


















2,541 

2,524 
2,813 
9,000 




2,541 


















2,524 


M. DesBrisay & 
Co 


81 
300 








81 
300 








2,813 


Draney Fisheries 
(Ltd.) 














9,000 


















Total 


6,890 




127 




7,017 


229 




229 


51, 162 


1,596 


52, 758 


Districts: 

Fraser River 


2,366 
20,075 
106 
2, (i40 
6,890 


279 

233 

50 


928 
1,925 
438 
359 
127 


'i,'6i7" 


3,573 

23,250 

594 

2,999 

7.017 


'i,'8e2' 


49 
1,324 


49 
3,186 


22,220 




22,220 










Naas River 

Outlying 


114 
229 


38 


152 
229 


2,987 
51, 162 


'i,"596" 


2,987 
52, 758 


Grand total — 


32, 077 


562 


3,777 


1,017 


37, 433 


2,205 


1,411 


3, 616 


76, 369 


1,596 


77,965 





Pinks. 


Cohoes. 




Names. 




c ^ 

(2.0 




"3 



1-pound 
tails. 

1-pound 
flats. 


73 


5 


3 



Grand 
total. 


Eraser River Dist.: 
B.C.Packers'As- 

sociation 

A. B.C Packing 

Co. (Ltd.) 

J H Todd&Sons 


254 


2,986 


1,174 


4,160 
254 


1,364 
582 


1,095 


99 


658 


2,558 

1,263 
3,700 

100 

75 

1,150 


Cases. 
280,571 
90,401 






3,000 
100 


700 




32, 750 


Canadian C a n - 
ning Co. (Ltd.) 

B.C. Canning Co. 
(Ltd ) .. 


5,559 






5,. 559 






63,943 








75 




35,806 


St. Mungo Can- 
ning Co. (Ltd.) 

The Glen Rose 
Can. Co. (Ltd.) 

Great West Pack- 
ing Co (Ltd ) 











1,150 




32,778 
















14,179 










300 
450 
790 








300 
450 
790 


16, 056 


M. DesBrisav & 
Co 
















22,892 


Scottish Can. Can- 
ning Co (Ltd ) 
















25,977 


Jervis Inlet Can. 
Co (Ltd ) 
















35,180 


Kildala Packing 
Co (Ltd.) 












122 
540 






122 
761 
379 


28, 135 


Gosse-M i 1 1 a r d 
Can Co (Ltd ) 










221 






18,281 


Steyeston C a n - 










379 




11,794 


English Fisheries 
(Ltd ) 














23,316 
























Total 


5,813 


2,986 


1,174 


9,973 


7,957 


2,457 


553 


658 


11,648 


732,059 


Skeena River Dist.: 
B.C. Packers' As- 
sociation 

A. B. C. Packui"' 

Co. (Ltd.) 

J H Todd & Sons 


9,143 

5,969 
5,150 

789 

2,638 

2,471 

8,106 


2,764 


4,174 

'"3," 360' 
3,003 
2,866 


13,317 

8,733 
8,510 

3,792 

5,504 

2,471 

8,636 


6,286 

22 
670 

514 

397 

397 

1,200 


3,993 


1,835 
663 




12,114 

685 
670 

514 

397 

397 

1,200 


50, 48 

22, 796 
15,395 


Kildala Packing 

Co. (Ltd.) 

B.C.CaimingCo. 

(Ltd ) 








10,615 








10, 790 


Skeena River 
Com. Co.(Ltd.) 

Cassiar Packing 
Co. (Ltd.)...... 








6,389 




530 








14,388 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 
Pack of British Columbia salmon, season 1913 — Continued. 



31 





Pinks. 


Cohoes. 




Names. 


11- 


O o3 


T3 


a 
o 


■a 




o ca 

-1m 


03 
3 

03 


o 

Eh 


Grand 
total. 


Skeena River Dist.— 
Continued. 
Wallace Fisher- 
ies (Ltd.) 


7,415 
5,600 


2,067 




9,482 
5,600 


970 
1,700 








970 
1,700 


Cases, 
23, 898 

9,300 


Canadian Fisli& 
Cold Storage Co. 
(Ltd.) 




















Total 


47,281 


4,831 


13, 933 


66, 045 


12, 156 


3,993 


2,498 




18,647 


164,055 


Rivers Inlet Dist.: 
B.C. Packers' As- 
sociation 












22 


53 




75 


23,887 

8,165 
12,080 

7,468 

9, 217 

7,279 


A. B. C. Packing 
Co. (Ltd.) 


1,000 
1,000 






1,000 
1,000 




J.H.Todd & Sons 






3,380 
205 








3,380 
205 


B. C. Canning 
Co. (Ltd.) 












Kildala Packing 
Co. (Ltd.) 
















WallaceFisheries 
(Ltd.) 






97 


97 




























Total 


2,000 




97 


2,097 


3,585 


22 


53 




3,660 


68,096 


Naas River Dist.: 
B,C. Packers, As- 
sociation 


3,957 
6,115 
10, 467 






3.957 
6,115 
10,467 


968 








968 

431 

1,773 


11,703 


A. B. C. Packing 
Co. (Ltd.) 








431 




Kincoleth Pack- 
ing Co. (Ltd.).. 






1,773 




22,357 














Total 


20,539 






20, 5.39 


2 741 




431 




3, 172 


53 4''3 












Outlying districts: 
B. C. Packers' 

Association .... 
A. B. C. Packing 

Co. (Ltd.) 

Kildala Packing 

Co. (Ltd.) 


3,200 
10,941 
(i, 233 

2,022 

5, 239 

3,300 

4,362 
S,700 

5,122 
8,746 


1,311 


546 
5,198 


3,746 
17, 450 
6,233 


5,800 

2,860 

151 


403 


92 
1,699 




5,892 

4,962 

151 

693 

269 

3, 256 

4,370 

3,680 
1,099 


32, 822 
28, :J97 
10, 869 

19, 598 
4 926 


B. C. Canning 
Co.(Ltd,)(Vic- 
toria) 






2,022 693 

269 

5,239 3.256 








Clavoquot Sd. 
Can. Co. (Ltd.) 

Quathiaski Can- 
ning Co. (Ltd.). 

J. H. Todd & 
Sons ( Esqui- 
mqlt). . 


















13,551 


3,S00 


3, 700 

120 
439 


10, 800 

4,482 
9,148 

5,122 

10,498 
1,701 

10, 292 
7,500 


3,500 

2, 502 

686 


""iis 


870 
1,178 




50, 370 


Walbce Fisher- 
ies (Ltd.) 

John i'^allice. . 


78, 331 
12,064 

18, 463 

17, 103 
1,7S!4 


Jervis Inlet Can- 
ning Co. (Ltd.). 

E. Bella Bella 
Packing Co. 
(Ud.).. 

B. C. Fisheries 
(Ltd.) . 








1,752 
1,701 


2, 329 




442 




2,771 


M. DesPrisav & 
Co. 


10, 292 
5,000 




352 
4,100 








352 
5,200 


16,840 
32, 150 


Dr:^Bev Fisheries 
(T,td.) . 




2,500 




1,100 








Tnial 


73,166 


5, 111 


15,956 


94, 233 


26,498 


816 


5,381 




32, 695 


336,268 


DISTRICT.S. 

Fraser River. 


o,S13 
■17, 281 

2, 000 
20, 539 
73, 166 


2, 986 
4,831 


1,174 

13,933 

97 


S,f""3 


7.957 


2,457 

3,993 

22 

' 'sie 


553 

2,498 

S3 

431 
5,381 


658 


11,648 
18,647 
3,660 
3,172 
32, 695 


732, 059 


Skeena Ri\er 

Rivers Inle; 


66,0''5 12,156 
2,007 3,585 


164,055 
68,096 




20,539 
84,233 


2,741 
26,498 


53, 423 


Outlying 


5,111 


15,956 


336, 268 


Grand total . . . 


148, 799 


12,928 


31,160 


192,887 


52,937 


7,288 


8,916 


658 


69, 822 


1,353,901 



32 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHEEIES. 

British Columbia pack by districts, previous years. 



1912 


1911 


1 
1910 1909 


1908 


1907 


1906 




173,921 
254,258 
137,697 
71, 162 
359, 538 


.301,344 
254,410 

(■.5,684 

101. nco 

226,401 


223,148 
222,055 
39, 720 
129.398 
147, 900 


.5(.7.203 
140,7.39 
40.990 
91,014 
127,974 


89, 184 
• 209, 177 
46.908 
75, 090 
122.3.30 


163, 116 
1.59, 255 
31,832 
94,064 
99, 192 


210,486 




162,420 


K aas River . . , 


32,334 




122.878 


(Outlying 


71,142 






Total 


996,576 


948,965 


762,201 


967,920 


542,689 


547,459 


629,460 








1905 


1904 


1903 


1902 


1901 




877, 130 
114,085 
.32,725 
83.122 
60;392 


128.903 
1.54,869 
19,0S5 
94,295 
68, 745 


237, 125 
98,669 
12, 100 
69,390 
56,390 


327,095 
154,875 
23,218 
70,298 
50,496 


990,2.52 




120,092 




14,790 




06.840 




38, 182 










Total 


1,167,100 


465, 894 


473,674 


025,982 


1,236,156 








1900 


1899 


1898 


1897 


I89t_; 








3!6,.i22 

128,529 
18,238 
75.413 
46,711 


510,383 
108,026 
19,443 
71,079 
23,506 


2.56, 101 

81,234 
IS, 953 
104,711 
23, 162 


860,459 
65.905 
20,847 
40,207 

128. 059 


3.56,984 




100. 140 




14,ti49 




107.4(i8 




22,329 










Total 


.585.413 


732.437 


484. 161 


1,015.477 


601,570 

























Mr. Freeman. Probably because the number of sockeyes spawning 
in the off years is much smaller. 

Mr. Linthicum. I want to suggest that the State of Washington 
and British Columbia are not the only localities that have not been 
able to come together. The State of Maryland and the State of 
Virginia, which the chairman of this committee represents, were for 
100 years trying to get together on the fishing question of the Potomac 
River, and our experience has been, at least my experience has been, 
that the fishermen are so close to the legislature of the State that 
when it comes to the fishing question and doing away with these 
pound nets, or lessening their number, it is absolutely impossible to 
get the legislature to do anything. 'I presume in the Fraser River, 
like the Chesapeake Bay, those pound nets are innumerable along the 
shore, are they not? 

Mr. Freeman. No, sir; gill nets. 

Mr. Linthicum. That is worse, is it not, because you lose a lot of them ? 

Mr. Freeman. I would not care to express an opinion on that. 

Mr. Linthicum. The great trouble is that a fish running into one 
of those gill nets or pound nets, extending out from the shore, is not 
able to get up to the spawning ground, and I notice in this regula- 
tion No. 64 here, it is the intention to limit the number of those nets 
so that some of them can get up to the spawning ground. Do you 
know anything about the catching of fish there, and how they have 
been depleted in the Fraser River ? 

Mr. Freeman. The claim is made on the part of the Americans 
that the fishing is carried on to extremes in the river at times. That 
is one of the arguments that, I presume, if you have up the question 
of the boundary line and fisheries in those" States, there will always 
be more or less argument about. 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 33 

Mr. Fairchild. I would like to ask the witness if it is not a fact 
that the figures he presents there really do not mean anything? 

Mr. Freeman. Oh, yes; they do. Before I answer that I would 
like to have you outline what you refer to. 

Mr. Fairchild. In respect to this : If you get a certain number of 
million pounds one year is it not quite probable that under the most 
improved conditions another year you may get a quarter of the 
catch; that is, the industry, in its development, is absolutely uncer- 
tain ? 

Mr. Freeman. It is a fluctuating industry, yes, sir; to some 
extent. 

Mr. Fairchild. I would say to the committee that I speak because 
I was formerly an officer of the Pacific Packing & Navigation Co. I 
was up there for some time. I was chairman of the reorganization 
committee of that company and I have had some very bitter experi- 
ence in the development of the salmon industry up there. There- 
fore, I speak in a semiofficial way; that is, I have had experience. 

Mr. Freeman. Well, it is true that the industry is a fluctuating 
one. It has ever been so since the industry began its flrst devel- 
opment. 

The Chairman. You have not explained why there was so much 
fluctuation. 

Mr. Townsend. In answer to the chairman's question, I will say 
that these figures, which I have asked be incorporated in the record, 
will explain the situation to the committee. Mr. Freeman, in 1913 
you consider that the fourth year 

Mr. Freeman. Of the sockeye run? 

Mr. Townsend. That the sockeye ran up the river? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes, sir. 

Mr. Townsend. Now, in 1913 it appears here — reducing this to 
values rather than cases — that it is $13,000,000 and over? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes, sir. 

Mr. Townsend. Now, the year before — and I suppose this is what 
the chairman had in mind to inquire about — it is only $2,000,000? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes, sir. 

Mr. Townsend. That is largely due to the small run of what you 
call the sockeye ? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes, sir. Here is the sockeye [indicating!. 

Mr. Townsend. I find here, Mr. Chairman that in 1913, when the 
value of the cases is put down in Mr. Freeman's figures at $13,000,000, 
the sockeye cases were 1,673,099 cases. The year before, 1912, it 
was only 184,000 cases. 

The Chairman. Do not the sockeye spawn but once in four years ? 

Mr. Freeman. No; or rather in some manner, we know not how, 
the runs have been developed on the fourth year. 

The Chairman. Do they not spawn every year? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes, sir. 

The Chairman. Would not that spawn come within four years 
from that time ? 

Mr. Freeman. There does not seem to be an established run, or 
perhaps supply, in the alternate years on those streams. That ques- 
tion is a scientific one which I would like to have you put up to Dr. 
Smith. 

33943—14 3 



^4 UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 

Mr. Cline. Mr. Chairman, this gentleman seems to be an expert 
in this line. I untlerstand him to say that the run of certain species 
of salmon occurs once in every four years. 

Mr. Freeman. On a large scale, yes, sir. 

Mr. Cline. Is there any difference in quantity between the four or 
five different species that you have in the runs 'i 

Mr. Freeman. Yes, sir; that varies. You will find some very 
interesting features in this table. Yes, sir; it varies quite a little bit. 

Mr. Cline. What did you have of this same run four years before 
that, in 1909? 

Mr. Townsend. Do you mean cases or dollars ? 
. Mr. Cline. In 1913, in dollars? 

Mr. Townsend. In 1913, as I have read from these figures, the 
total cases — this is, of all varieties — was 2,583,463. 
: Mr. Cline. What was it m 1909 ? 

Mr. Townsend. In 1909, 1,632,949, which is in excess in cases 
of anything between 1909 and 1913. 

Mr. Cline. What was it in 1905? 

Mr. Townsend. Again the same thing happens here. It is 1,018,- 
641, and there are no million figures intervening. It runs down to 
430,000. 

Mr. Cline. So the fourth year catch is gradually increasing? 

Mr. Townsend. It is not only larger in comparison with any other 
year, but increasing, as you say. 

, Mr. Cline. 1 mean the regular fourth year period is gradually 
increasing? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes, sir; that is, the product is increasing. 

Mr. Townsend. The cases, beginning with 1901, is 1,380,590. 
Then the following three years it runs down to 291,000. 

Mr. Fairchild. Mr. Freeman, the production is increasing because 
greater eft'ort is making all the time to increase it ? 

Mr. Freeman. That also is a question that I would like to have 
you discuss with Dr. Smith. 

Mr. Cline. I would like to ask you this question, Mr. Freeman: 
You quote 1,186,000 cases in 1905? 

Mr. Freeman. Whatever the record there shows. 

Mr. Cline. Well, if I have it correctly stated — 1,186,000 cases 
in 1905. 

Mr. Freeman. It is 1,018,641. 

Mr. Cline. Yes. Now, why could you not have taken just that 
many in 1906? 

Mr. Freeman. The fish evidently were not there. 

Mr. Cline. I only want to ask you one more question. I would 
like to ask you for an explanation, or your opinion, about this matter: 
We limit the catch, for instance, of the seals on Pribilof Islands by 
international agreement, over which the Federal Government, of 
course, has supervision. We limit the catch of fish on the New- 
foundland shores and some other international boundaries. Why 
should the Government not exercise the same supervision in Puget 
Sound over the catch of salmon ? Why should the people of the 
Pacific coast be exempted from the supervision of the Federal Gov- 
ernment and have that preference as against the other sections of 
the country ? , , 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 36 

Mr. Freeman. That is a matter for determination after careful 
consideration for the Government to fix a definite poUcy. I am not 
here to advocate the passage of this treaty so much as to let it be 
known that at least we are disposed to be fair and reasonable, and to 
leave it not in a spirit of opposition on the part of the fishing interests 
generally of Puget Sound. 

Mr. Cline. Do you not think there ought to be some intervention 
when in four years you can doul)le your catch by a milhon cans 
there ? Would it not tend very rapidly to exterminate them ? 

Mr. Linthicum. Six hundred thousand cases ? 

Mr. Cline. I mean merely cases instead of a million cans. 

Mr. Fairchild. My observation is that that does not have the 
slightest influence. My observation comes from a certain limited 
experience, but would you not sustain me in the observation that a 
catch of 13,000,000 one year would not necessarily imply that there 
would be a lack of fish the next year ? 

Mr. Freeman. Not at all 

Mr. Fairchild. They die; they kill themselves anyway, and my 
observation is that it is a matter that even the expert of experts does 
not understand and can not explain. 

The Chairman. The life of the salmon seems to be four years. 

Mr. Freeman. The sockeye mature in four years, and if not caught 
and used for food they die anyway. 

Mr. Linthicum. The object- of this bill is this: The gentleman 
from New York, Mr. Fairchild, asked a few minutes ago whether the 
increase in the pack was due to extraordinary efi'orts in getting fish. 
That is absolutely correct. Each year there seems to be some new 
trap devised for catching the fish. The pound net was first invented 
in 1884 by somebody — I have forgotten whom. That is a long 
wing that runs out into the water and all the fish coming up strike 
that wing and fail to get through, or to get by it, and they finally 
land in the trap. They have those. Then they have what is called 
the floating gill net. That is a thing that is stuck in the river and 
the fish jnay get gilled in that or may not. If he does not he goes on 
up the stream. Then they have an anchor gill net. That is a net 
that is anchored from the shore to the outside and all the fish that 
go up against that are held. Every kind of machinery has been de- 
vised for the trapping of fish. The old seine hauling fellow has gone 
out of existence, except where the tide is so strong that they can not 
trap them at all. That accounts for the increase. 

Now, the object that Dr. Smith has is this: If you keep on trapping 
fish by innumerable nets as they go up the Eraser River, you would 
have that many less to go to the spawning grounds, and you find that 
in 1913 the pack may amount to more; that by increased efi^ort it is 
going to gradually decrease, and the object* of this bill and of Dr. 
Smith is to at least let some of the fish go up to the spawning ground. 
He says if you can let 10 per cent of the fish go up to the spawning 
ground he can keep up the supply. If those people are allowed to 
increase the number of nets constantly, and the traps, and every man- 
ner of catching them, they can not go to the spawning ground and 
can not increase. The gentleman says they do not use them for fertil- 
izer. I am informed that in these pound nets they have so many of 



36 UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHEEIES. 

the lish crowded in there that many of them die. Those fish are used 
for fertihzer. 

Mr. Freeman. That is not correct. 

Mr. LiNTHicuM. And I find a provision in the regulations providing 
that the capture of fish for oil or fertilizer is prohibited. 

Mr. TowNSEND. Mr. Chairman, I have a great respect for Brother 
Linthicum's abiUty and knowledge of fisheries, as I heard him yester- 
day and know he is a good fisherman. But these figures here do not 
bear out his contention that the increased faciUty or apparatus used 
in catching fish increases the catch each year. 

Mr. LiNTHicuM. I did not say each year. I said each four years. 

Mr. TowNSEND. These figures are interesting. If I carry them 
back correctly, in 1909 — and I am now reading from page 40 of the 
pubhcation already indicated in the record — there were cases caught 
and packed, 1,632,949. Now, the next year, in spite of whatever 
increase and improvement there was in the facility for catching, there 
was only 567,883 — about one-third. 

Mr. LiNTHicuM. Right there 

Mr. TowNSEND. Let me give these figures and conclude this 
summary. The following year, 1911, there are 1,557,029 cases 
caught and packed. Then in 1912, concerning which Mr. Cline 
asked, there were only 416,125 — again something less than one- 
fourth, or about one-fourth. Then again in 1913 we come up to 
the enormous sum of cases caught and packed, 2,283,791, showing 
the error of your contention that the improved facilities or apparatus 
increases the catch every year. 

Mr. LiNTliicuM. I want to say to the gentleman from New Jersey 
that we are trying to demonstrate to him that these fish only come 
up this river at the spawning season and they only spawn every 
four years and when they spawn they die. They are due again in 
1917 — I do not know whether that is locust year 

Mr. Freeman. It is the year after the presidential election and 
there wiU be a big run of sockeye. 

Mr. Cline. Do you get any sockeye salmon at any other time 
than every four years ? 

Mr. Freeman. They are comparatively small runs. 

Mr. Cline. But you do get some ? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes, sir. 

Mr. Cline. Then your rule is not exactly good, is it ? 

Mr. Freeman. In what respect ? 

Mr. Cline. In the respect that they only come once in four years 
and a great many die. 

Mr. Freeman. I do not mean to say that they aU come once in 
four years but it is supposition — and a great deal of our information, 
or some of our information, is obliged to be supposition because 
investigations have not altogether been completed, although I 
think you will find that scientists generally agree to this that in 
this territory, for some reason, we know not when, but a long time 
ago, there may have been an obstruction in the rivers or in the streams 
which might have jirevented fish from going up and spawning that 
year. Now they do run in those cycles of four years. That we also 
know. This last summer, during the very height of the sockeye 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 37 

run, when fish were proceeding up the Fraser, owing to railway 
construction on the bank of the river — blasting — a shde occurred in 
the Fraser, causing a portion of the stream to be choked up and 
causing a cataract, practically, or rapids so strong that the fish 
accumulated in great numbers below and were unable to get up 
until provision, by blasting out the channel and otherwise, was made 
by which this obstruction was taken out of the stream. 

Mr. TowNSEND. And my brother built that railroad. 

Mr. Freeman. The Canadian Northern? 

Mr. TowNSEND. Yes. The Fraser River division. 

Mr. Freeman. There you are. The brother of this gentleman is 
perhaps responsible for the obstruction in the Fraser. 

Mr. Cline. Let us have your opinion about this, as it may give 
the committee some information. As much as you know^ about 
salmon fisheries up there and the necessity for their preservation, 
don't you believe that the Government ought to take sufficient steps 
to keep your people from catching all the salmon before they could 
go up the river, so as to preserve a uniform stock year after year, 
and let the salmon go up the river and spawn ? 

Mr. Freeman. I say that some plan should be devised by which 
the industry be maintained— not that the industry shall be har- 
assed by unreasonable regulations, or long-distance supervision, by 
beaurocracy pure and simple, because those fish, when mature, if 
not caught, go to waste. They are one of the most valuable food 
products. If, in its judgment, the administration decides to put 
into effect regulations which will provide a proper supply to go to 
the spawning grounds, and will follow it up by some proper hatch- 
eries — and w^e believe they should be of sufficient magnitude on the 
Fraser — if there is any way in which the industry is going to be main- 
tained, it is going to be by some such plan as that. 

Mr. Cline. What do you mean by "beaurocracy"? I do not 
understand that term. 

Mr. Freeman. When I say that I mean — as I tried to imply 
awhile ago, and I intend that without prejudice — that we have a 
feehng that when matters are administered by the Federal Govern- 
ment out in our country, they are not always fully considerate of the 
fact that we are human folks. 

Mr. Cline. We do very well by you people. We gave you jfive or 
ten million dollars, something like that, to hold an exposition out 
there. 

Mr. Freeman. In San Francisco. I do not think it paid 5 cents. 

Mr. Cline. Yes, it did. 

Mr. Freeman. It is true that we see a ray of light in the construc- 
tion of the Alaskan railroad. 

Mr. TowNSEND. I infer from what you said a moment ago that 
you want laws passed that will provide regulations that will permit 
enough salmon to go up. Is 10 per cent enough for that? 

Mr. Freeman. I would not say. You had better ask Dr. Smith. 
He is the man to say. 

The Chairman. After these salmon have spawned can any use be 
made of them ? Are they utihzed ? 

Mr. Freeman. No; they proceed in the natural course clear to 
the headwaters of the river, and they wear themselves out. They 



38 UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 

are scarred and bruised and the}' turn a dirty red color. They go 
up for hundreds of miles and spawn there. Now, before it leaves my 
mind I would like to call your attention 

The Chairman. Wliat I w^anted to know was, do you ever catch 
them and can them, or make any use of them ? 

Mr. Freeman. No. They die. They go up to the headwaters. 

The Chairman. As I understand it, you approve of this bill ? 

Mr. Freeman. I wish to be put on record, and I will endeavor to 
do it in exact language. Our people have been opposed to this 
measure. We do not wish under the circumstances to have the 
Government feel that the canning interests are opposing any meri- 
torious measure for the preservation -of the industry. 

The Chairman. Under the circumstances, you do not oppose the 
passage of this bill ? 

Mr. Freeman. No, sir. I would like to conclude by making one 
remark in the record in reference to gear. Congressman Linthicum 
gave a description of the classes of gear used in these waters, including 
traps, gill nets, etc., but you remarked that the purse seining was no 
longer in use. 

Mr. Linthicum. That is my impression. 

Mr. Freeman. I would like to call your attention to the fact that 
the development of the modern motor vessel that we use in purse 
seining has increased very rapidly. Approximately 60 per cent of the 
salmon caught on Puget Sound this year were caught with the purse 
seine. I have some ofhcial figures here in reference to the classes of 
gear in Alaska. In southeast Alaska, during 1913, the purse seines 
caught 48 per cent — perhaps 50 per cent, and the gill nets, 2 per cent. 
Gill nets are used up there only in a very few sections. 

Mr. TowNSEND. How long are the wings of those purse seines ? 

Mr. Freeman. The standard purse seine used on Puget SouTid is 
260 fathoms (1,560 feet) in length and 24 fathoms (144 feet) in depth 

Mr. TowNSEND. Do they allow those to continue, one after anotner 
offshore; and for how many feet? 

Mr. Freeman. I will show you a few of the purse seines here in my 
publication, which illustrates a typical scene among the purse seiners. 
There they are [indicating] in operation on the salmon banks. There 
is the purse; you can see the size of it. Tliat was put out, and they 
are getting ready to haul it in. 

Mr. TowNSEND. Do they use a pound net ? 

Mr. Freeman. Yes; here is an illustration. 

Mr. TowNSEND. They are absolutely smothered there. 

Mr. Freeman. What do you mean by smothered ? 

Mr. TowNSEND. They drown. 

Mr. Freeman. That is not correct. They take them out and put 
them in a barge and immediately transport them to the cannery. 

Mr. TowNSEND. Have you an illustration of the pound itself? 

Mr. Freeman. No. In six hours these fish will be canned. 

Mr. Townsend. They do not smother in that pound ? 

Mr. Freeman. No. As a matter of fact, they will keep alive in a 
pound net. I do not mean to be making an argimient now as to the 
relative values of these; that is a matter really for investigation in 
the proper way. This gentleman [Mr. Cline] stated that I seemed to 
be something of an expert. I wish to disabuse his mind in that re- 



UNITED STATES-CANADA FISHERIES. 39 

spect. I am a newspaper man. I am a publisher of a technical 
journal devoted to fisheries, and there is a lot that I do not know. 
All I wash to say is to express in behalf of these people the fact that 
this matter is now before you for action, and we do not want to be 
put in the embarrassing position of seeming to be opposed unduly 
to any legislation for the benefit and maintenance of the industry. 

Mr. LiNTHicuM. I would like to say to Mr. Freeman that I do not 
want him to understand that I am endeavoring to injure the indus- 
try in any way. My sole idea is to try to regulate the catching of 
fish so that enough can go to the spawning ground, and thereby 
prevent injury to the industry. 

Mr. Freeman was thereupon excused and the committee adjourned. 



X 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




